1/5. Intracranial calcification in the infant and neonate: evaluation by sonography and CT.This study reports the sonographic and computed tomography (CT) findings in seven infants and neonates with intracranial calcifications and a spectrum of underlying disorders, including toxoplasmosis, cytomegalic inclusion disease, transverse/straight sinus thrombosis, and probable anoxia. Neurotropic infectious disease usually produced clumped or subependymal calcifications accompanied by sometimes bizarre ventricular configurations and prominent periventricular cystic encephalomalacia. Sonography failed to identify prospectively intracranial calcifications in two of the three patients without infection, although calcifications were visible in retrospect. overall, CT provided optimum visualization of intracranial calcifications.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = spectrum (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/5. The incidence and spectrum of neurological injury after open fetal surgery.A preterm infant's immature brain is susceptible to both anoxic and hemorrhagic injury during periods of physiological stress. The advent of in utero surgery has created a new population of premature patients at risk for central nervous system (CNS) injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and nature of CNS injuries in fetal surgical patients. Of 33 fetuses with known neurological outcome after fetal surgery, CNS injuries were identified in seven (21%). Of the seven, four had significant episodes of fetal bradycardia (3) or neonatal hypotension (1), which suggests that asphyxia contributed to the neurological injury. The CNS injuries in the other three patients occurred unexpectedly and without associated signs of fetal distress. The authors speculate that these injuries may have been caused by sudden fluxes in cerebral blood flow, induced by maternal hypoxia (1) or by maternally administered tocolytic drugs (2) used to treat postoperative preterm labor.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4keywords = spectrum (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/5. Neurologic complications of lightning injuries.Over the past ten years, we have cared for 13 patients who suffered serious neurologic complications after being struck by lightning. The spectrum of neurologic lesions includes the entire neuraxis from the cerebral hemispheres to the peripheral nerves. We describe these various neurologic disorders with regard to the site of the lesion, severity of the deficit, and the outcome. Damage to the nervous system can be a serious problem for patients struck by lightning. Fatalities are associated with hypoxic encephalopathy in patients who suffered cardiac arrests. patients with spinal cord lesions are likely to have permanent sequelae and paralysis. New technology for detecting lightning with wideband magnetic direction finders is useful in establishing lightning-flash densities in each state. florida and the Gulf Coast states have the highest densities. colorado and the Rocky Mountain states have the next highest.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = spectrum (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/5. magnetic resonance spectroscopy of N-acetylaspartate in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.magnetic resonance imaging and water-suppressed proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging were used to study N-acetylaspartate and other metabolites in a patient with severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. The N-acetylaspartate signal, a putative marker of neuronal density, was markedly reduced in the forebrain. The relative signal intensity of choline-containing metabolites, which are more abundant in astrocytes than neurons, was increased. These results support the hypothesis that water-suppressed proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging measurements of N-acetylaspartate may be useful for noninvasive detection of selective neuronal loss in a variety of disease states in the human brain.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1921.1818378561keywords = spectroscopy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/5. Cerebral hypoxia after hyperventilation causes "re-build-up" phenomenon and TIA in childhood moyamoya disease. A near-infrared spectroscopy study.Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to monitor the sequential changes in the cerebral oxygenation state during and after hyperventilation in two children with moyamoya disease. hyperventilation induced the build-up phenomenon and a decrease in the concentration of oxy-hemoglobin ([oxy-Hb]) and total hemoglobin ([t-Hb]). The termination of hyperventilation was followed by partial recovery of [oxy-Hb] and [t-Hb]. Subsequently, however, [oxy-Hb] and [t-Hb] decreased again and cytochrome oxidase was reduced. These impairments of the cerebral hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism were closely associated with the re-build-up phenomenon on EEG and with transient ischemic attacks (TIA). The present study implies that cerebral hypoxia after hyperventilation is closely related to the re-build-up phenomenon and ischemic attacks in children with moyamoya disease.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2401.4772973202keywords = spectroscopy (Clic here for more details about this article) |