1/75. coinfection of visceral leishmaniasis and Mycobacterium in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.We report a case of coinfection of visceral leishmaniasis and mycobacterium avium-intracellulare in the same lesions in the small bowel and bone marrow of a 33-year-old man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who complained of abdominal pain and chronic diarrhea. The duodenal mucosa and bone marrow biopsy specimens showed numerous foamy macrophages packed with two forms of microorganisms that were identified histologically and ultrastructurally as Leishmania and Mycobacterium species. Visceral leishmaniasis is rarely suspected in patients residing in nonendemic countries including the united states. It should be included in the differential diagnosis for opportunistic infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. An appropriate travel history is important. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case showing coinfection of visceral leishmaniasis and mycobacterium avium-intracelluulare in the same lesion in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = leishmaniasis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/75. Unusual cutaneous lesions in two patients with visceral leishmaniasis and hiv infection.Two hiv infected patients with visceral leishmaniasis and unusual cutaneous lesions are described. The first patient developed linear brown macules containing Leishmania parasites on the fingers and palms of the hands. This patient never received highly active antiretroviral treatment and the visceral leishmaniasis could not be cured even with liposomal amphotericin. In the second patient, Leishmania parasites were present in a skin biopsy of a fibrous histiocytoma. After completing visceral leishmaniasis treatment, a discrete elevation of one of his tattoos was seen. A biopsy specimen of this tattoo revealed Leishmania amastigotes. In this patient the visceral leishmaniasis was finally cured with meglumine antimoniate, followed by pentacarinat isothianate as maintenance therapy in conjunction with highly active antiretroviral treatment.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.1428571428571keywords = leishmaniasis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/75. Visceral leishmaniasis masquerading as tuberculosis in a patient with AIDS.We report a case of visceral leishmaniasis presenting as significant lymphadenopathy in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. The lymphadenopathy was initially suspected to be tubercular in nature on pathological examination. This report highlights the increasing incidence of acquired immune deficiency syndrome and Leishmania co-infection in india, and the importance of demonstrating tubercle bacilli on culture before suggesting a diagnosis of tuberculosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.71428571428571keywords = leishmaniasis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/75. An unusual case of pneumocystis carinii presenting as an aural mass.Extrapulmonary involvement of organs with the protozoan pneumocystis carinii is rare. We describe a case of pneumocystis carinii presenting as an erosive aural mass in a young male patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. As far as the authors are aware such an example has never been described in a British journal and is the first case worldwide where otic pneumocystosis has extended into the middle cranial fossa. We also present a review of the literature on otological manifestations of pneumocystis carinii.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.5145108789702E-6keywords = world (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/75. Pulmonary adiaspiromycosis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.Adiaspiromycosis is a noninfectious, nonarthropod-transmitted fungal infection that occurs worldwide in lower vertebrates, especially rodents. However, humans may become accidental hosts. Reported here is a case of adiaspiromycosis of the lung in an hiv-positive, 40-year-old, bisexual man who first presented with cough and dyspnea. Cultures of a bronchoalveolar lavage and protected brush specimen revealed the presence of fungal elements that were identified as Emmonsia parva var. parva. The patient was successfully treated with amphotericin b and thereafter with fluconazole. This organism should be added to the list of pathogens that cause pulmonary infection in AIDS patients.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.5145108789702E-6keywords = world (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/75. Long-term remission of human immunodeficiency virus-associated visceral leishmaniasis after initiation of potent combination antiretroviral treatment: report of two cases.We describe two cases of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with visceral leishmaniasis in whom no clinical and parasitological disease relapses were observed after liposomal amphotericin b therapy combined with potent antiretroviral treatment.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.71428571428571keywords = leishmaniasis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/75. Cutaneous cryptococcosis in two patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.We present 2 cases of systemic cryptococcosis with cutaneous involvement in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Both patients were male, intravenous drug abusers, 31 and 35 years old, with severe immunodepression and a CD4 lymphocyte count of 10/ml and 1/ml, respectively. They both had papular lesions reminiscent of molluscum contagiosum and in one patient with concomitant systemic leishmaniasis, there were spores of cryptococcus neoformans coexisting with the leishmanias in the cutaneous lesions, constituting the first reported case of this particular association. Both patients responded well to amphotericin b followed by fluconazole.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.14285714285714keywords = leishmaniasis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/75. Liposomal amphotericin b as first line and secondary prophylactic treatment for visceral leishmaniasis in a patient infected with hiv.Visceral leishmaniasis has emerged in both endemic and non-endemic areas as an opportunistic infection in hiv-positive subjects. At risk for infection are hiv-positive intravenous drug abusers with a low CD4 T cell count and a high hiv viral load. In these patients, who are not always symptomatic, leishmaniasis is probably due to endogenous reactivation and often presents in an atypical fashion. death results from uncontrolled bleeding or bacterial infections. The clinical and biological spectrum of this disease suggests that it should be included among the diagnostic criteria for AIDS. Visceral leishmaniasis responds poorly to therapy and, when responsive, the relapse rate is high. Treatment protocols and criteria to document cure after treatment have not been definitely established. Lastly, there is no effective immuno- or chemo-prophylaxis against this protozoan. We report the case of an hiv-infected patient affected by visceral leishmaniasis who was successfully treated with liposomal amphotericin b given both as first line and as secondary prophylactic therapy. The patient has remained disease-free for 26 months after his first remission whereas, to our knowledge, almost all immunocompromised patients relapse within 12 months.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.1428571428571keywords = leishmaniasis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/75. Kaposi's sarcoma-like lesions and other nodules as cutaneous involvement in AIDS-related visceral leishmaniasis.A 40-year-old human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive man had three relapses of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). In the third he developed nodular skin lesions of three types, some reminiscent of Kaposi's sarcoma. biopsy of each type disclosed abundant dermal macrophages with a huge number of intracellular and extracellular Leishman-Donovan bodies. Rapid improvement of lesions was achieved after antiparasitic treatment. AIDS leads to atypical forms of leishmaniasis. Leishmania has been detected both in normal and pathological skin of these patients due to dissemination during VL. It is suspected that a considerable proportion of the population may be infected in endemic areas, Leishmania being opportunistic in immunosuppressed individuals. It is important to recognize the range of lesions that may occur in patients with hiv and VL, many of which are non-specific and may cause diagnostic difficulty.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.85714285714286keywords = leishmaniasis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/75. Visceral leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected and non-hiv-infected patients. A comparative study.Visceral leishmaniasis is an endemic infection in Mediterranean countries, where it has become a frequent complication of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The incidence of visceral leishmaniasis is increasing in spain due to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-related cases, but some aspects of its epidemiology, clinical features, and management remain unknown. In addition, no comparative clinical studies about the disease in hiv-infected and non-hiv-infected patients have been reported. During a 24-year period, 120 cases of visceral leishmaniasis were diagnosed at our institution and 80 (66%) were associated with hiv infection. The mean age at diagnosis was higher in hiv-infected that in non-hiv-infected patients (33.2 versus 23.2 yr; p = 0.002), but the male/female ratio was similar in both groups. The main risk factor for hiv infection was intravenous drug abuse (78.7%). The clinical presentation of leishmaniasis was similar in both groups, but hiv-infected patients had a lower frequency of splenomegaly than hiv-negative individuals (80.8% versus 97.4%; p = 0.02). hiv-infected patients had a greater frequency and degree of leukopenia, lymphocytopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Most of them were profoundly immunosuppressed (mean CD4 lymphocyte count, 90 cells/mm3) at the time of diagnosis of leishmaniasis, and 53.7% had AIDS. The sensitivity of serologic studies for Leishmania was significantly lower in hiv-infected than in non-hiv-infected patients (50% versus 80%; p < 0.001), but the diagnostic yield of bone marrow aspirate (67.1% versus 79.4%) and bone marrow culture (62.9% versus 66.6%) was similar in both groups. After initial treatment, the response rate was significantly lower in hiv-infected than in non-hiv-infected individuals (54.8% versus 89.7%; p = 0.001). The relapse rate was 46.2% and 7.5%, respectively (p < 0.001). Secondary prophylaxis with antimonial compounds or amphotericin b seems to be useful in preventing relapses in hiv-infected patients. The mortality rate was higher (53.7% versus 7.5%; p < 0.001) and the median survival time shorter (25 versus > 160 mo; p < 0.001) in AIDS patients than in hiv-negative individuals. Although leishmaniasis could contribute to death in a significant number of hiv-infected patients, it was the main cause of death in only a few of them. The CD4 lymphocyte count and the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy and secondary prophylaxis for leishmaniasis were the most significant prognostic factors for survival in AIDS patients. Visceral leishmaniasis behaves as an opportunistic infection in hiv-infected individuals and should be considered as an AIDS-defining disease.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.7142857142857keywords = leishmaniasis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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