1/15. Y-nitinol airway stent for management of central airway compression due to metastatic colon cancer.Tumor masses in the area between the esophagus and the tracheobronchial tree can lead to complications involving both systems, mainly strictures and compressions. Malignant esophageal strictures are nowadays often treated by insertion of a metal stent which, however, can cause airway compression especially in the proximal area. We present here a new method of creating a Y-stent out of two self-expandable tracheal nitinol stents, utilizing fiber bronchoscopy, in a 55-year-old woman with advanced colon cancer metastastic to the mediastinum. The endo-Y-stent technique can be performed with the patient under sedation and having topical anesthesia. The opening through which the second tracheal stent must be placed for the Y construction is created by laser. In this case, the patient suffered from airway compression which was efficiently relieved by this method. Within a short time the endo-Y-stent provides effective restoration and maintenance of airway patency in patients with tumor compression in the region of the esophagus and airway, and in those with airway compression following esophageal stenting. Expertise in both stent implantation and laser application is, however, mandatory.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = tree (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/15. Surgical emphysema: a rare presentation of foreign body inhalation.An 11-year-old girl with an almond lodging in the tracheobronchial tree is described. She presented with an uncommon symptom of subcutaneous emphysema The x-ray revealed left-sided pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum. Intercostal drain was inserted, but she developed respiratory failure and was ventilated. After initial stabilization for 60 hours, she deteriorated again and her x-ray revealed right-sided collapse. After removal of the foreign body, she was discharged but presented again with stridor necessitating tracheostomy. tracheal stenosis was found and required end-to-end anastomosis. The authors feel that, while foreign bodies are uncommon in this age group with emphysema as a rarer manifestation, this cause should be kept in mind, even in the absence of forthcoming history. A high index of suspicion for tracheobronchial foreign body is required in atypical presentations of acute pediatric respiratory distress.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = tree (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/15. Use of Gianturco self-expandable stents in the tracheobronchial tree.Gianturco self-expandable stents were used successfully in the management of 5 patients with tracheobronchial pathology. Placement was performed under endoscopic and fluoroscopic guidance. None of the patients has experienced complications secondary to the stent placement, and in all of them the clinical problems resolved satisfactorily. Longer follow-up is required to determine the place of tracheobronchial stenting in patients with respiratory compromise.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4keywords = tree (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/15. Tracheal compression as a cause of respiratory symptoms after repair of oesophageal atresia.A case of tracheal compression in an infant after repair of a tracheo-oesophageal fistula and oesophageal atresia is reported. Tracheopexy completely relieved the symptoms of apnoeic attacks, cyanosis, and convulsions. We suggest that tracheal compression in infants and children with repaired oesophgeal atresia can not only cause life-threatening attacks but also be responsible for recurrent chest infections. All infants and children with signs and symptoms of tracheal compression as shown by the presence of a barking type of cough, recurrent chest infections, or persistent mild respiratory symptoms should be referred for thorough investigation of the tracheobronchial tree.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = tree (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/15. Tracheobronchial compression in acyanotic congenital heart disease.Children with acyanotic congenital heart disease frequently develop respiratory difficulties such as atelectasis, pneumonia, or infantile lobar emphysema. In some cases, the cause of the respiratory difficulty is compression of the tracheobronchial tree by hypertensive dilated pulmonary arteries, since this type of heart disease frequently demonstrates large left-to-right intracardiac shunts. Sites of predilection for compression include the left main bronchus, the left upper lobe bronchus, the junction of the right bronchus intermedius and right middle lobe bronchus, and the left side of the distal trachea. Cardiac anomalies which predispose to this type of compression include ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, interruption of the aortic arch, and tetralogy of fallot. Pulmonary arteriopexy may relieve the tracheobronchial compression.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = tree (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/15. Use of Gianturco Z stents in the treatment of vascular compression of the tracheobronchial tree in childhood. A feasible solution when surgery fails.Severe tracheomalacia secondary to extrinsic vascular compression following a switch operation for transposition is reported. Two attempts at surgical correction failed but successful treatment has been achieved by implantation of two endobronchial Gianturco Z stents. Nonabsorbable stenting in children should be used only in severe obstruction as a last resource, but this technique proved to be feasible in a child weighing 6.2 kg.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4keywords = tree (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/15. Airway compression by vascular anomalies in infants and neonates.Despite the tremendous health-care advances in recent years, external compression of the tracheobronchial tree by cardiovascular anomalies still remains a significant cause of morbidity and potential mortality in neonates and infants. As the initial presenting symptoms can be deceivingly mild, the diagnosis is easily missed without a high index of suspicion by the investigating clinician utilising the appropriate investigations. Four case studies are presented, (i) illustrating the importance of tracheobronchoscopy in assessing any neonate or infant with suspected airway obstruction; (ii) reviewing the current literature, and (iii) suggesting a comprehensive diagnostic approach by way of relevant investigations.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = tree (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/15. Use of metallic stents in relapsing polychondritis.Relapsing polychondritis is a rare multisystem disease. We describe the presentation and treatment of a patient with relapsing polychondritis and review the literature. This patient had involvement of the tracheobronchial tree requiring insertion of metallic stents.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = tree (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/15. Positional dyspnoea due to aneurysm of the thoracic aorta.Thoracic aortic aneurysms may produce breathlessness by compressing the tracheobronchial tree. We report a patient whose shortness of breath demonstrated a marked positional component, due to varying compression of her major airways by the lesion.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = tree (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/15. Computed tomography of relapsing polychondritis.The CT findings of a patient with relapsing polychondritis involving the larynx, tracheobronchial tree, and nasal cartilage are described. In the proper clinical setting, a characteristic constellation of findings when noted on CT can aid in differentiating this rare inflammatory disease from other causes of airway compromise. CT is the most useful imaging modality, because cartilage and soft tissue components are well visualized. If diagnosed early, appropriate treatment may prevent life-threatening airway obstruction.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = tree (Clic here for more details about this article) |
| | Next -> |