1/27. Fetal brain infection with human parvovirus B19.Intrauterine parvovirus B19 infection is known to be one of the causes of hydrops fetalis. However, there are few reports of the pathologic changes in the central nervous system. Postmortem examination of a fetus revealed multinucleated giant cells of macrophage/microglia lineage and many small calcifications around the vessels, predominantly in the cerebral white matter. parvovirus B19 genome dna was detected in the nucleus of the multinucleated giant cells and solitary endothelial cells by polymerase chain reaction amplification and in situ polymerase chain reaction methods. capsid antigen was also demonstrated in the cytoplasm of the endothelial cells by immunofluorescent assay. Thus, intrauterine B19 parvovirus infection could be associated with marked neuropathologic changes in the fetal brain at the midembryonal period. Neurologic follow-up of complications may be necessary for children who survive the intrauterine infection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = cerebral, brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/27. Use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to rescue a newborn with early-onset group B streptococcal sepsis and cardiopulmonary failure.Group B streptococcal (GBS) infection is an important cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. We report the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) to rescue a newborn with refractory GBS sepsis and meningitis who developed cardiopulmonary failure. This 2-day-old infant weighed 2640 g and was born to a healthy mother at full term. Respiratory distress, hypotension, and persistent pulmonary hypertension developed on the second day of life. The clinical condition deteriorated rapidly despite conventional treatment, and venoarterial ECMO was established to rescue this moribund newborn. During ECMO, the patient regained stable hemodynamics and good oxygenation, and infection was controlled. ECMO was used for 90 hours and the baby was weaned smoothly. Neurologic assessment after ECMO revealed hydrocephalus, abnormal electroencephalogram, and increased brain auditory evoked potential threshold. This report emphasizes that ECMO may be considered to rescue neonatal patients with cardiopulmonary failure due to GBS sepsis. Possible neurologic complications after ECMO should be carefully monitored.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.044222518879702keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/27. Hairy polyp of the pharynx obscured on physical examination by endotracheal tube, but diagnosed on brain imaging.We report a case of hairy polyp of the pharynx diagnosed on brain MRI in order to stress the need to examine carefully all tissues included on an imaging study, even those outside the clinically stated region of interest, and to remind practitioners to consider unusual as well as common etiologies for neonatal respiratory distress. Our case is unique in that thorough examination of a brain MRI, ordered in the evaluation of presumed central apnea, led to the correct diagnosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.26533511327821keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/27. Intraventricular hemorrhage in the premature neonate.Intraventricular hemorrhage in the premature neonate has been and continues to be a cause of morbidity and mortality in NICUs around the globe. Much information is available concerning the etiology and preventative and treatment strategies to reduce the incidence of IVH in this patient population. As neonatal caregivers are struggling to care for and protect infants who are surviving despite extreme prematurity, this survival is complicated by the infant's cerebral vasculature, which is very susceptible to hemorrhage; by respiratory problems that require the use of lifesaving, but potentially harmful, ventilation interventions; and by the infant's compromised ability to self-regulate vascular responses to stress. The preventative treatments being explored and proposed may come with debilitating and potentially lethal sequelae. research continues, however. New recommendations are being proffered, and perhaps, in the near future, the incidence of IVH and its associated morbidity and mortality will decline dramatically.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.77888740560149keywords = cerebral (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/27. holoprosencephaly--report of two cases.holoprosencephaly (HPE) is a developmental defect resulting from incomplete cleavage of the embryonic forebrain structures during early embryogenesis. It includes a series of rare complex disorders. Chromosomal abnormalities, single gene disorders and teratogenic agents are responsible for holoprosencephaly. We report two rare cases of alobar HPE with a rudimental nasal structure (proboscis) located under the eyes. One of the patients survived for 9 months and the other one survived 40 days.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.044222518879702keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/27. Sudden cardiac arrest in an intubated premature infant with cerebellar and brainstem injury: is there a link?The ventilated premature infant frequently exhibits unprovoked desaturation episodes accompanied by bradycardia. In most instances, these episodes are short-lived and recover spontaneously or with minimal interventions. However, in some infants these episodes may be more profound and require substantial interventions to restore cardiorespiratory status. Here we present the case of a ventilated premature infant who had experienced prolonged, multiple daily desaturation episodes accompanied by bradycardia that required significant interventions. Postoperatively, after placement of a tracheotomy and despite a patent airway, the infant developed acute bradycardia that progressed rapidly to sudden death. At autopsy, significant cerebellar and brainstem injury was noted. We hypothesize that the specific cerebellum and brainstem injury may have contributed to autonomic dysfunction and sudden death.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.26533511327821keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/27. Neurophysiological observations in diseased newborns.The early statements that the EEG alone could correctly be used for the assessment of gestational age (cf., among others, Dreyfus-Brisac, 1964; Parmelee et al., 1968; and Nolte et al., 1969), even in pathological babies, need some restrictive qualifications. Likewise, the more recent statements that certain neurophysiological parameters, including nerve conduction velocity and basic EEG patterns are independent not only of gestational age and body weight, but also of various abnormal factors in the pre- and perinatal periods, appear also too rigid, at least as regards the EEG and the other parameters used in this study. As a matter of fact, some authors who had adhered rather strictly to these concepts have later on presented evidence suggesting some deviations in bioelectric brain maturation in some cases, as for example, in small-for-date newborns of toxemic mothers (Schulte et al., 1972). When more exact quantification by coding techniques was applied (Parmelee et al., 1968), the conclusion was also reached that extrauterine and intrauterine development of bioelectric brain activity developed according to the conceptional age, regardless of variable extrauterine experience, although it was recognized that other categories of behavioral and neurophysiological activities, for example, Moro reflex, states stability, crying, sucking, scores, etc., are more labile to environmental and pathological factors (Prechtl et al., 1972; Michaelis et al., 1973).- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.088445037759405keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/27. Neuropathology of central respiratory dysfunction in infancy.We studied the neuropathology of 7 infants who had primary respiratory problems unrelated to increased intracranial pressure. These infants ranged in age from newborn to 2 years. Five were male. In 2 of them the main neuropathological findings were in the brainstem with prominent neuroglial heterotopia in the subarachnoid space, and aplasia of the VI and VII cranial nerves. Two infants had abnormalities of the X and XII nerves together with neuronal heterotopia and migration failure of the inferior olivary nuclei. In 1 infant diagnosed with Ondine's curse, examination showed diffuse neuronal loss and gliosis in the medullary tegmentum. One infant had a unilateral infarction in the medulla and another showed extensive gliosis in the brainstem tegmentum along with a large infarction in the region of the anterior cerebral artery. These infants exhibited a spectrum of abnormalities including neuronal dysplasia, gliosis and hypoxic-ischemic changes. In the differential diagnosis of respiratory dysfunction in infants a rare consideration is a central etiology based on malformation of essential neuronal components of the brainstem.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.9115549622406keywords = cerebral, brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/27. Nasal glioma. Presenting as neonatal respiratory distress. Definition of the tumor mass by MRI.Nasal gliomas are benign congenital midline tumors with the potential for intracranial extension. They are most commonly seen in neonates and children but rarely in adults. The treatment of choice is surgical excision. Inadequate primary excision results in a 4 to 10 percent recurrence. Hence, a thorough preoperative evaluation is essential to delineate the exact site and extension of the tumor and to plan the appropriate surgical approach. Computerized tomographic (CT) scans are useful in visualizing bony defects, but are not well suited for soft tissue imaging. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers superior soft tissue contrast, without ionizing radiation. This is a report of a neonate with unexplained early respiratory distress. On day 5, a soft nasal mass became apparent. CT scans were inconclusive, so MRI scan was used to demonstrate intracranial extension. MRI is superior for imaging brain tissue, so it should be used preferentially to delineate intracranial extension and to help guide the surgical approach.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.044222518879702keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/27. Ventricular dilation preceding rapid head growth following neonatal intracranial hemorrhage.We describe two patients in whom ventricular dilation began within a week of neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage and preceded rapid head growth and clinical signs of increased intracranial pressure by days to weeks. The posthemorrhagic ventricular dilation is readily demonstrated in the neonatal period by computerized tomography of the cranium. These data indicate the importance of careful follow-up of survivors of intraventricular hemorrhage, early demonstration of ventricular dilation and prompt therapeutic intervention to prevent brain injury.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.044222518879702keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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