1/210. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor with perineurial cell differentiation (malignant perineurioma).A unique case of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) with perineurial cell differentiation occurring in a 63-year-old woman in a subcutis of the forearm is described. The tumor contained cellular and myxoid areas. The neoplastic cells were fusiform with distinct cell borders. They were arranged in storiform pattern and in wavy parallel cell cords in the cellular areas. Focally, a pleomorphism and mitotic activity (including atypical mitoses) similar to those of malignant fibrous histiocytoma were seen. The myxoid parts contained haphazardly oriented cells and scarce lipoblast-like multivacuolated cells mimicking a liposarcoma. In the differential diagnosis, myxoid liposarcoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, malignant fibrous histiocytoma and low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma were considered. Immunohistochemically, perineurial differentiation was indicated by the diffuse expression of epithelial membrane antigen and focal reactivity for CD34. The tumor was negative with antibodies to S-100 protein, Leu-7, CD68 (KP1), vimentin and cytokeratin AE1/AE3. Ultrastructure of tumor cells revealed features of MPNST. No recurrence occurred in the patient during 2 years follow up.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/210. Solitary malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the pancreas.Primary malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors of the pancreas are rare. This is a report of a 72 year-old African male who presented with an 8 lb. weight loss and anorexia. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a 12 cm mid pancreatic mass. An 85% pancreatectomy (with splenectomy) was performed. Immunohistopathologic and ultrastructural (electron microscopy) evaluation established the schwann cell origin of this neoplasm. The clinical management and pathologic findings are discussed in this report as well as a review of the literature.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/210. Intraosseous epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the phalanx. Case report.We report the first case of intraosseous epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) occurring in the phalanx. The patient was a 50-year-old Japanese man with an intramedullary lytic lesion of the proximal phalanx. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of epithelioid cells or polygonal cells, forming large cell nests with central necrosis. Most tumor cells were diffusely and strongly immunopositive for S-100 protein and vimentin, and negative for cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and HMB-45. laminin-positive material was discontinuously demonstrated between the individual tumor cells. Electron microscopy showed prominent external lamina. Our case indicated that laminin is useful for differentiating epithelioid MPNST from metastatic carcinoma and malignant melanoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/210. Cutaneous sclerosing perineurioma with cryptic NF2 gene deletion.Sclerosing perineurioma is a recently described variant of perineurioma that characteristically occurs in the fingers and palms of young adults. We report a cutaneous sclerosing perineurioma with preservation of the axons and schwann cells in the center of the whorls of perineurial cells, a feature that previously was reported to be typically absent in these lesions. Additionally, clonal chromosomal abnormalities of chromosome 10 and a cryptic deletion of the 5'BCR and NF2 loci on chromosome 22 were present. These findings further support the hypothesis that a gene on chromosome 22 may play a role in the pathogenesis of perineurioma. The NF2 gene is a logical candidate because of its involvement in other nerve sheath tumors.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/210. A new approach to an old problem.A patient with progressive visual loss was found to have an optic nerve sheath meningioma. The patient was treated with stereotactic radiotherapy, a computer-guided stereotactic technique that minimizes the risk of radiation-induced optic neuropathy. Six months after treatment, the patient was doing well and showed no signs of radiation-induced optic neuropathy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/210. Hysteroscopic resection of cervical nerve sheath tumor.Isolated nerve sheath tumors of the uterine cervix are very rare entities. This is especially true for benign nerve sheath tumors. We present, to the best of our knowledge, the first case of a benign nerve sheath tumor resected hysteroscopically. Our patient is a 69 year-old white female with a history of post menopausal bleeding. Initial workup included an endometrial biopsy and an ultrasound. A 4 cm cervical mass was identified on that study. Further characterization of the mass was obtained with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Gynecologic-Oncology consultation was obtained, and the opinion was that this was a cervical myoma. The patient continued to have bleeding and was taken to the operating room for a hysteroscopy and dilatation and curettage. At surgery, a large cervical mass was resected hysteroscopically. Final pathology report showed this to be a benign nerve sheath tumor.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.6keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/210. Molecular analysis of malignant triton tumors.Triton tumors are rare variants of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) with muscle differentiation, often seen in patients with neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1). Individuals affected with NF1 harbor mutations in the NF1 tumor suppressor gene and develop neurofibromas and MPNSTs. The NF1 gene is expressed in schwann cells and its expression is lost in schwannian neoplasms, suggesting a role in malignant development. Separately, there is evidence that p53 suppressor gene mutations are involved in MPNSTs. To determine the role of the NF1 and p53 genes in the development of the malignant Triton tumor we examined 2 such tumors, 1 from a 3-year-old boy without clinical manifestations of NF1 and another from a 24-year-old man with NF1. Histological analysis of these tumors showed both neural and muscle differentiation with S-100 and desmin immunoreactivity, respectively. Reverse transcribed rna polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of NF1 mRNA showed NF1 expression in the sporadic tumor. Strong nuclear immunoreactivity for p53 was observed throughout the malignant population in both tumors. This was confirmed by loss of heterozygosity for p53 in the non-NF1 patient, suggesting that p53 is involved in both hereditary and sporadic Triton tumors. The finding of preserved NF1 gene expression in the non-NF1-related Triton tumor suggests that different genetic events predispose to the development of this rare neoplasm in sporadic cases.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/210. Intraneural angiosarcoma and angiosarcoma arising in benign and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours: clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of four cases.AIMS: Angiosarcomatous differentiation represents the least common form of heterologous differentiation in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNST), and is seen most frequently in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. More rarely, it has been reported in patients without stigmata of neurofibromatosis, or in benign nerve sheath tumours and peripheral nerves. This study was undertaken to confirm this rare association. methods AND RESULTS: Four cases of angiosarcoma arising in a peripheral nerve, in a long-standing schwannoma and in two MPNST are described. Immunohistochemical studies were performed on paraffin sections with the alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase method. An intraneural high-grade epithelioid angiosarcoma arose in the left posterior tibial nerve of a 78-year-old man, a well to moderately differentiated angiosarcoma was seen in an ancient schwannoma of the lateral neck in a 73-year-old women, and an angiosarcoma of varying grades of differentiation developed in a recurrent MPNST in the thigh of 38-year-old man. In addition a high-grade MPNST in the axillary region of a 30-year-old man showed foci of heterologous high-grade angiosarcomatous differentiation. The neural and endothelial lines of differentiation were confirmed in each case by positive immunohistochemical staining for neural and endothelial markers, respectively. In all cases tested, the neural differentiated cells stained immunohistochemically positive for antibodies against vascular endothelial growth factor. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the rare association of angiosarcoma arising in peripheral nerves, as well as in benign and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.2keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/210. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour in the maxilla associated with von Recklinghausen's disease.Malignant transformation of neurofibromatosis is one of the most serious complications of von Recklinghausen's disease (VRD). The most common associated malignancy is the malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST). Few cases of MPNST associated with VRD in the maxillary region have been reported. This report describes a rare case of MPNST in the maxilla and the aggressive nature of MPNST associated with VRD.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/210. Postradiation neural sheath sarcoma of the brachial plexus: a case report.Sarcoma arising in the brachial plexus is a rare complication following radiation therapy, with only 7 patients reported in the literature. The absolute number of patients is likely to increase with the growth of radiation therapy to treat breast cancer. Because of its rarity, early diagnosis requires a high degree of suspicion. We present a patient with neural sheath sarcoma of the brachial plexus arising 18 years after external beam radiation for breast cancer. The interval between presentation and definitive therapy was prolonged by workup and treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome and cervical nerve root compression. The English language literature regarding postradiation sarcoma is reviewed and the clinical, radiological, and electrophysiological workup of postradiation brachial plexopathy is discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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