11/18. viral load of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) in the circulatory blood cells correlates with clinical progression in a patient with HHV-8-associated solid lymphoma with aids-associated Kaposi's sarcoma.We encountered a case of a rapidly progressive HHV-8-associated solid lymphoma with AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). HHV-8 dna load in whole blood cells was analyzed quantitatively by real-time PCR using amplification of the HHV-8-encoded ORF26 gene. Ours is the first observation that the rapid increase in the HHV-8 viral load (from 1.9x10(4) copies/microg to 1.6x10(6) copies/microg in 40 days) in conjunction with low CD4 cell counts was accompanied by an accelerated clinical disease progression. The results indicate that the quantity of circulating HHV-8 is measurable with real-time PCR and can provide clinically useful information.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
12/18. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus type 8-positive solid lymphomas: a tissue-based variant of primary effusion lymphoma.Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also termed human herpesvirus type 8, is consistently identified in Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and multicentric Castleman's disease. Here we report four cases of KSHV-bearing solid lymphomas that occurred in AIDS patients (cases 1 to 3) and in a human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-seronegative person (case 4). The patients presented extranodal masses in the abdomen (cases 1, 3, and 4) or skin (case 2), and nodal involvement, together with Kaposi's sarcoma (case 3). The gastrointestinal tract was involved in two patients (cases 1 and 3). The patients did not develop a lymphomatous effusion. KSHV was detected in the tumor cells of all cases by immunohistochemistry and by polymerase chain reaction. Epstein-Barr virus was detected in two of the hiv-related cases. All KSHV-positive solid lymphomas exhibited PEL-like cell morphology. To investigate the relationship of these disorders to PEL and to other AIDS-associated diffuse large cell lymphomas, KSHV-positive solid lymphomas were tested for the expression of a set of genes that were previously shown by gene profiling analysis to define PEL tumor cells. The results showed that expression of this set of genes in KSHV-positive lymphomas is similar to that of PEL but distinct from KSHV-negative AIDS-associated diffuse large cell lymphomas. Because pathobiological features of KSHV-positive solid lymphomas closely mimic those of PEL, our results suggest that KSHV-positive solid lymphomas should be considered as a tissue-based variant of classical PEL, irrespective of hiv status.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.5keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
13/18. Human herpesvirus-6 in human lymphomas: identification of specific sequences in Hodgkin's lymphomas by polymerase chain reaction.In search of a possible involvement of the human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV-6) in human Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, we studied the levels of anti-HHV-6 antibodies in the sera of 94 cases by an immunofluorescence assay, as well as the presence of HHV-6 sequences in the affected tissues of 66 cases by polymerase chain reaction, using one set of primer oligonucleotides. Our results showed higher anti-HHV-6 antibody titers in human lymphomas than in normal blood donors, but the difference is statistically significant only when normal donors are compared with Hodgkin's lymphoma cases. HHV-6 sequences were detected in 3 of 25 Hodgkin's lymphomas and 0 of the 41 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas studied. The three cases positive for HHV-6 sequences belong to the nodular sclerosis-lymphocyte depletion histologic subtype and share remarkable similarities in their clinical features. Furthermore, Southern blot analysis of total genomic dna obtained from the neoplastic tissues of two of the three patients showed the same restriction fragment length polymorphism. Our results suggest that: (1) the high level of anti-HHV-6 antibodies in Hodgkin's disease is due to an activation of the immune system not related to the presence of HHV-6 sequences in affected lymph nodes; (2) the presence of HHV-6 sequences in human lymphoid tissues is not a frequent event, rather it is in fact a very rare event in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, while in Hodgkin's cases it is more frequent than previously reported on the basis of Southern blot analysis; and (3) the presence of HHV-6 sequences in Hodgkin's lymphomas may have a relation with the clinical presentation of the disease.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.25keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
14/18. Occult herpesvirus folliculitis clinically simulating pseudolymphoma.Two cases of cutaneous herpesvirus infection are described that clinically masqueraded as pseudolymphoma. light microscopy demonstrated typical viral changes involving pilosebaceous complexes with sparing of the surface epithelium. Dermal changes consisted of a dense perivascular and perifollicular inflammatory infiltrate. Multinucleated lymphoid cells were found in the dermis in one case and viral inclusions in fibroblasts were present in the other case. Immunoperoxidase stains with antisera to herpes simplex virus types I and II were positive in one case and negative in the other case. Ultrastructural examination demonstrated viral particles consistent with herpesvirus in both cases. Recognition of typical histologicl features of herpesvirus folliculitis will lead to an accurate diagnosis in these types of clinically unsuspected cases.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.75keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
15/18. vidarabine therapy for severe herpesvirus infections. An unusual syndrome of chronic varicella and transient immunologic deficiency.Six patients with severe herpesvirus infections were successfully treated with vidarabine. One patient had a previously undescribed syndrome of chronic cutaneous varicella infection of eight months' duration, associated with transient but complete duppression of lymphocyte response to conconavalin A. Other diagnoses were severe varicella pneumonia, progressive cytomegalovirus pneumonia associated with acute lymphocytic leukemia, herpes simplex encephalitis, severe zoster associated with stage IV lymphoma, and disseminated herpes simplex in a patient receiving high doses of steroids. All patients showed cessation of new lesions or abrupt clinical improvement between days 2 and 4 after initiation of therapy, and all were cured of their clinical infection. Dramatic improvement in all of our patients and the minimal toxicity observed make vidarabine suitable for use in severe herpesvirus infections.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.5keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
16/18. Body cavity-based malignant lymphoma containing Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in an hiv-negative man with previous Kaposi sarcoma.BACKGROUND: The role of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in the development of malignant lymphomas in patients negative for the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) has not been established. OBJECTIVE: To examine the possible role of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in a case of body cavity-based malignant lymphoma that occurred in an hiv-negative patient who had previously had Kaposi sarcoma. DESIGN: Case study. SETTING: Academic medical center. PATIENT: A 94-year-old man with lymphomatous ascites. MEASUREMENTS: polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot dna analysis. RESULTS: The body cavity-based lymphoma cells were positive for Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus by PCR and were negative for other herpesviruses, including Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and human herpesviruses 6 and 7. Southern blot analysis of lymphoma dna showed high levels of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (> 40 to 80 genomes/cell). Clonal rearrangement of the immunoglobulin JH and JK genes was present, confirming the presence of a clonal B-cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus may be involved in the development of malignant lymphoma after Kaposi sarcoma in hiv-negative patients. This type of lymphoma, in contrast to body cavity-based lymphoma related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, may have an indolent clinical course.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.75keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
17/18. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and human herpesvirus 8 (KSHV/HHV8)-associated lymphoma of the bowel. Report of two cases in hiv-positive men with secondary effusion lymphomas.This report describes two cases of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus-8 (KSHV/HHV8)-associated lymphomas that primarily involved the large bowel and that secondarily caused malignant effusions. Involvement of the gastrointestinal tract is of interest because epidemiologic evidence suggests that KSHV/HHV-8 may be transmitted via the fecal-oral route, and KSHV/HHV8 dna has been detected in rectal samples from hiv-positive patients. This report describes two hiv-positive men who developed primary KSHV/ HHV8-associated lymphomas of the bowel. Despite similar morphology and immunophenotype, these cases differ from most KSHV/HHV8-associated primary effusion lymphomas, which present with malignant effusions in the absence of a solid tumor mass. The spectrum of KSHV/HHV8-associated lymphomas is expanded to include a subset of primary bowel lymphomas in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.5keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
18/18. Expression of human herpesvirus-8 oncogene and cytokine homologues in an hiv-seronegative patient with multicentric Castleman's disease and primary effusion lymphoma.Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) has been described in association with two lymphoproliferative disorders: one benign, multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD), and one malignant, primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). The factors that lead to malignant transformation of lymphoid cells are unknown, although most cases of PEL also are positive for EBV, suggesting a role for EBV as a cofactor in malignant transformation. We encountered a rare case of an HHV-8-associated MCD, followed by the development of an HHV-8-positive pleural PEL and a gastric large cell lymphoma in an hiv-seronegative male patient. The lesions were negative for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The combination of these diverse HHV-8-associated lymphoproliferative disorders in a single patient afforded us the ability to study potential differences in gene expression in these conditions. HHV-8 dna was demonstrated by PCR in lymphoid tissues involved by MCD and PEL. By reverse transcriptase-PCR, HHV-8-related transcripts, including vG-coupled protein receptor, vbcl2, vcyclin D, vIL-6, vMIPI, and vMIPII, were detected in the PEL from the pleural cavity and the gastric lymphoma, whereas these transcripts, except for vIL-6, were not detected in a lymph node biopsy with MCD. Expression of hIL-10 was weak in the PEL from the pleural cavity, and expression of hIL-6 was undetectable in all three lesions. These data suggest that vIL-6 may be integral to the pathogenesis of MCD, whereas other viral transcripts that encode oncogene and chemokine homologues are important for HHV-8 tumorigenicity.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.25keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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