1/14. Midline cerebellar cystic schwannoma : a case report.An extremely unusual case of a cystic schwannoma in the region of the inferior vermis and posterior to the fourth ventricle in a fifteen year old boy is reported. The cystic tumour caused partial obstruction to the outflow of cerebrospinal fluid from fourth ventricle and resulted in development of supratentorial hydrocephalus. On investigations, the schwannoma simulated a Dandy-Walker cyst. The boy presented with symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. On surgery, the lesion was not arising from any cranial nerve, nor was it attached to brain parenchyma, blood vessel or to the dura. The possible histogenesis of the cystic schwannoma in a rare location is discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = pressure (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/14. Neurocutaneous melanosis in association with the Dandy-Walker complex, complicated by melanoma: report of a case and literature review.Neurocutaneous melanosis is a rare congenital neurocutaneous syndrome in which benign and malignant melanocytic tumors of the leptomeninges with large or numerous congenital melanocytic nevi develop. The Dandy-Walker malformation occurs as a broad posterior fossa with high insertion of the tentorium, hypoplasia or aplasia of the cerebellar vermis, and cystic dilation of the fourth ventricle communicating with the posterior fossa. association of these entities is very unusual and only 10 previous reports were found in the literature. Our patient had multiple, medium-size to small melanocytic nevi present since birth. At 5 years of age the patient has intracranial pressure secondary to hydrocephalus. A diagnosis of Dandy-Walker malformation and suspected neurocutaneous melanosis was established after a skull computed tomography (CT) scan. Three months later the patient developed a right frontal tumor shown on the CT scan. The histologic finding was nevomelanocytic infiltration with strong pleomorphism. The tumor grew rapidly, producing neurogenic shock and death. The postmortem report indicated malignant melanoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = pressure (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/14. Appearance of an interhemispheric cyst associated with agenesis of the corpus callosum.We describe a fetus with agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) and Dandy-Walker malformation that developed a frontal paramidline cyst late in gestation. The interval appearance of the cyst occurred in concert with increasing size of the lateral ventricles, which supports the hypothesis that cysts associated with ACC can develop with increasing intraventricular pressure. Recognition of the potential for a changing appearance of neurologic abnormalities is important to providing appropriate patient counseling.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = pressure (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/14. Two cases of dandy-walker syndrome and chronic polyneuropathy.The paper describes a so far unreported combination of dandy-walker syndrome and chronic hereditary polyneuropathy in 2 boys. One of the boys has a de- and remyelinating motor and sensory polyneuropathy, with either an autosomal recessive mode of inheritence or a sporadic occurrence. The other has an autosomal dominant form of mild polyneuropathy with tomaculum formations in myelinated fibers, corresponding to hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = pressure (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/14. Dandy-Walker cyst associated with occipital meningocele.Dandy-Walker cyst associated with occipital meningocele is very rare. Only 12 patients have been reported. We report a female infant with Dandy-Walker cyst and occipital meningocele whose diagnosis was suspected antenatally by in utero ultrasonography. At birth, head circumference was normal for 37 weeks gestation. She underwent surgical repair of the occipital meningocele immediately after birth. The post-operative course was uneventful until the sixth day of life when progressive enlargement of the head with progressive ventricular dilatation was recognized. communication between the posterior fossa cyst and the occipital meningocele was confirmed neuroradiologically; the occipital meningocele may have compensated for the increased intracranial pressure in fetal life.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = pressure (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/14. The "keyhole": a sign of herniation of a trapped fourth ventricle and other posterior fossa cysts.When a cystic structure in the posterior fossa increases in size, the accompanying increase in pressure may cause it to herniate upward through the tentorial hiatus. In our experience this happens most commonly with a dilated trapped fourth ventricle secondary to infection or intraventricular hemorrhage. However, herniation of an arachnoid cyst or a Dandy-Walker malformation through the tentorium may also occur. When herniation occurs, the cystic structure assumes a "keyhole" configuration, indicating that it is trapped and that surgical intervention is necessary. Five cases are presented that illustrate this point, including two patients with dilatation of the fourth ventricle secondary to hemorrhage, two patients with Dandy-Walker malformation, and one patient with an arachnoid cyst.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = pressure (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/14. Pressure, biochemical, and culture characteristics of CSF associated with the in utero drainage of various fetal CNS defects.An attempt has been made to begin delineation of the in utero dynamics of fetal intracranial fluid in the presence of brain malformations. In a series of patients with fetal CNS defects, cephalocentesis was performed at the time of therapeutic abortion or to facilitate vaginal delivery. Intracranial CSF pressures and volumes were quite variable. There did not appear to be any discernible correlation between the type of lesion and the intracranial pressure. Fetal CSF glucose levels were moderately depressed and protein concentrations were very high. Neither virus nor bacteria were cultured from fetal CSF or amniotic fluid of any patients in this series.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = pressure (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/14. Neurocutaneous melanosis associated with dandy-walker syndrome.A young boy presented with mental retardation and seizures with extensive hairy naevi. After a fluctuating clinical course over the next 2 years, he worsened rapidly with signs of rising intracranial pressure. A CT scan revealed unsuspected features of dandy-walker syndrome. The clinical course is traced till the patient's death, and the implications of the coexistence of these rare conditions are discussed in view of the proposed hypotheses regarding the pathogenesis of dandy-walker syndrome.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = pressure (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/14. Severe headache as the only symptom of long-standing shunt dysfunction in hydrocephalic children with normal or slit ventricles revealed by computed tomography.Four patients aged 11, 11, 8 and 18 years, shunted in early childhood for hydrocephalus, were followed in the outpatient clinic for severe headache from 3 months to 2 years. The headache lasted for days and up to a week, was usually severe, and was often followed by screaming attacks or aggressive behavior. In all patients repeated computed tomography disclosed a normal ventricular system or slit ventricles. The intracranial pressure (ICP) was measured in all four patients and showed an increased intracranial steady-state pressure between 20-50 mmHg, plateau waves and, in two of the patients, a very high intracranial pulse-pressure amplitude. At operation all patients had dysfunction of the shunt (most often of the distal end). In three patients ICP monitoring post-operatively showed normal intracranial pressure without any abnormal increments from the normal steady-state pressure. Thus, severe headache can be the only symptom of long-standing shunt dysfunction, even without ventricular dilation. In shunted hydrocephalic children complaining of headaches, ICP measurement is highly recommended.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = pressure (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/14. dandy-walker syndrome without hydrocephalus in an adult.It is commonly believed that Dandy-Walker malformation is due to increased intracranial pressure resulting from atresia of the foramina of the fourth ventricle, but this is not true in all cases. An adult with asymptomatic Dandy-Walker malformation without hydrocephalus was studied. Increased intracranial pressure could not have caused the malformation in the posterior fossa in this case since no hydrocephalus was present. The findings in this case support the view that Dandy-Walker malformation is due to congenital abnormalities that are not necessarily related to obstruction of CSF flow from the fourth ventricular foramina.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = pressure (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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