1/92. Tubulovillous adenoma of the urinary bladder.We report a case of vesical tubulovillous adenoma that occurred in a background of protracted chronic cystitis with intestinal-type glandular metaplasia and extensive cellular atypia (dysplasia) in the flat mucosa. flow cytometry analysis showed dna aneuploidy in the adenoma. Increased expression of the tumor suppresser gene, p53, and also of cellular proliferation markers (proliferating cell nuclear antigen and MIB-1) were detected in the villous adenoma and in the dysplastic regions of the flat metaplastic mucosa. These findings provide insight into the biology of intestinal metaplasia and also lend support to the theory of the chronic irritation-metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/92. Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder. An unusual neoplasm.A new case of hepatoid adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in fragments obtained at transurethral resection (TUR) from a 71-year-old man who had complained of haematuria. The tumour was composed of trabeculae and small solid nests of polygonal atypical cells simulating hepatocarcinoma, together with glandular areas of an otherwise typical adenocarcinoma. immunohistochemistry showed cytoplasmic reactivity to AFP, AAT, albumin and CAM 5.2. Membrane reactivity was seen in EMA immunostaining, and there was also positivity to polyclonal CEA following a canalicular pattern. Immunoperoxidase studies of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor, c-met, were positive. Their expression may be related to the aggressive behaviour of this tumour.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/92. Parotid lymph node metastasis from adenocarcinoma of the urachus.The parotid gland and its lymph nodes are frequent sites of metastases from head and neck cancers. However, metastasis from a distant primary below the clavicle is unusual. These originate from a variety of sites, most commonly the lung, kidney and breast. A case of a 59-year-old woman with parotid lymph node metastasis from an adenocarcinoma of the urachus, diagnosed on the basis of two discrete periparotid masses on CT and the patient's history, is presented.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/92. Villous adenomas of the urinary tract: report of two cases.Villous adenomas are rare tumors of the urinary tract. They are morphologically identical to their counterpart in the colon. The histogenesis and malignant potential are uncertain. We report on 2 cases, 1 each in the urethra and bladder. The first is a 57-year-old male who complained of an acute attack of urinary retention. A papillary tumor, measuring 3.0 x 2.0 cm, was found in the prostatic portion of the urethra by cystoscopy, and the tumor was removed transurethrally. The second case, a 33-year-old male, was a victim of chronic pyelonephritis with severe hydronephrosis resulting from a left renal staghorn stone. A papillary tumor was noted on the dome of the urinary bladder. The tumor, measuring 2.0 x 2.0 cm, was resected by transurethral resection. No recurrence or malignant transformation has been found during the follow-up period. The features of morphology, immunohistochemistry, and histochemistry were well studied. Staining by periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain, alcian blue at pH 1.0, and alcian blue at pH 2.5 were all positive. The carcinoembryonic antigen was strongly positive in the neoplastic glands, especially in the luminal border. We also review the previous literature and discuss the histogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/92. Primary low-grade B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type arising in the urinary bladder: report of 4 cases with molecular genetic analysis.CONTEXT: Primary lymphoma of the urinary bladder is rare. Only 84 cases have been reported in the English literature to date, and none of these cases has had molecular confirmation of clonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangement. OBJECTIVES: To review all cases with primary urinary bladder lymphoma in our records, to classify them using the REAL classification, to confirm their immunophenotype and genotype, and to determine their outcome. DESIGN: We identified 4 cases of primary urinary bladder lymphoma in our medical records from a 30-year period. Immunohistochemical detection of immunoglobulin light chains and molecular analysis of immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes using the polymerase chain reaction were performed on paraffin-embedded material. RESULTS: All patients were older than 60 years. The male-female ratio was 1:3. All patients had a history of chronic cystitis. Histologic features of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma with centrocyte-like cells, plasmacytoid B cells, or both were observed in all cases. Monoclonality of B cells was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction, or both methods in every case. All patients presented with stage IAE disease, were treated with radiotherapy alone, and have been in continuous complete remission for 2 to 13 years. CONCLUSIONS: Primary bladder lymphomas are usually of low-grade mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type. They are more common in females and are associated with a history of chronic cystitis. Lymphoepithelial lesions are seen only in association with areas of cystitis glandularis. B-cell clonality is readily demonstrable by immunohistochemistry and/or polymerase chain reaction analysis. Local radiotherapy appears to confer long-term control.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/92. cystitis glandularis mimics bladder cancer--three case reports and literature review.cystitis glandularis is an uncommon proliferative disorder of the mucus-producing glands within the mucosa and submucosa of urinary bladder epithelium. We report three cases with gross hematuria on first presentation. Both sonography and computer tomography revealing bladder tumor and transurethral resection was performed in all three cases. cystitis glandularis was confirmed by pathology. Short-term follow-up of sonography and cystoscopy showed good results.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 7keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/92. Benign ectopic prostatic glands in subvesical skeletal muscle. A lesion resembling carcinoma.In physiological instances, the prostatic acini may be intermingled with striated muscle fibers in the apex and in the anterolateral subcapsular areas of the prostate. We report an unusual lesion composed of benign prostatic glands, which were scattered between skeletal muscle fibers beneath the bladder submucosa. A 55-year-old man underwent four transurethral resections and radiation therapy for a urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Subsequently a cystectomy was performed. In the resection specimen, the prostate specific antigen-positive glands were found among the skeletal muscle bundles close to the bladder submucosa. They were seen as small groups of haphazardly scattered or isolated glands mimicking an infiltrative pattern of a prostatic adenocarcinoma. Prominent nucleoli in some glands further contributed to the worrisome appearance of the lesion. However, the high molecular weight cytokeratin 34 beta E12 exhibited basal cell layers of the glands, and the subsequent course of disease confirmed the benign nature of the lesion. The juxtaposition of the prostatic acini with the skeletal muscle out of the apex and the anterolateral subcapsular areas of the prostate should be included in the differential diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma in urinary bladder and prostate biopsies.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 9keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/92. A mucinous tumour of the urachus: adenoma or low grade mucinous cystic tumour of uncertain malignant potential?We report a case of urachal glandular neoplasia in a male aged 72 years. The lesion had a papillary and villiform structure, and exhibited serrated features as seen in some colorectal neoplasms. The tumour cells expressed carcinoembryonic antigen, whereas the normal urachal epithelium did not. There was a striking resemblance to low grade mucinous cystic tumours of uncertain malignant potential as described in the appendix and elsewhere. Although such lesions in the urachus have been called adenomas, we argue that their potential to cause pseudomyxoma peritonei deserves a different terminology, and that 'mucinous tumour of uncertain malignant potential' is appropriate.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/92. Intestinal-type carcinoma of gallbladder. A histochemical and immunologic study.Two intestinal carcinomas of the gallbladder are presented. In both carcinomas the structure was papillary in superficial parts; the deeper ones also tended to an adenomatous structure. One of the tumors was bordered by a mucosa, with both intestinal- and antral-type metaplastic islands. The tumor was mainly a typical papilloma with malignant degeneration and infiltrative growth. The intestinal structure was morphologically clear in the papillary area of both carcinomas, but not distinct in the invasive part of the tumor. In both tumors, goblet cells and columnar cells with a distinct brush border were noted. Histochemical and immunologic methods were used in the identification of the glycoproteins of the tumor cells. With both methods the intestinal character of the tumor could be shown. A positive fluorescence was achieved with an intestinal antiserum in well-differentiated tumorous areas containing goblet cells, as well as in the intestinal metaplastic areas. In the same areas the gallbladder-specific antigen was negative. The antiserum isolated from the normal gastric mucosa and corresponding to neutral glycoprotein gave a positive fluorescence only in the nontumorous metaplastic gastric superficial-type epithelium and in the metaplastic antral-type glands.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/92. Atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance from extramammary Paget's of the bladder.BACKGROUND:The clinical significance and appropriate diagnostic evaluation of atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance (AGCUS) on cervicovaginal papanicolaou test have not been well established. CASE: A 53-year-old woman with AGCUS underwent colposcopy, cervical biopsy, hysteroscopy, dilation and fractional curettage, and subsequently hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy without abnormal findings. A repeat vaginal papanicolaou test revealed malignant cells. Extramammary Paget's disease and urothelial carcinoma in situ were subsequently determined to be the source of the abnormal cells interpreted as AGCUS. CONCLUSION: AGCUS may be associated with extramammary Paget's disease and urothelial carcinoma. One should maintain a high index of suspicion for extragenital causes of persistent AGCUS.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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