1/209. Conservative management of documented neuroretinitis in cat scratch disease associated with bartonella henselae infection.BACKGROUND: bartonella henselae has been identified as the causative agent of the neuroretinitis associated with cat scratch disease (CSD). Immunofluorescent antibody tests with good sensitivity and specificity are available to aid in diagnosis. Despite diagnostic advances, optimal management remains controversial. We present a case of documented B. henselae macular neuroretinitis managed without antibiotics and discuss antibiotic use in this condition. methods: We examined a young woman with macular neuroretinitis and established a diagnosis of CSD. Management consisted of a review of the literature, followed by educating her about the condition and close observation. We documented the course of her disease. RESULTS: We diagnosed neuroretinitis associated with B. henselae infection based on immunofluorescent antibody titres and clinical presentation. Our patient's neuroretinitis resolved promptly without antibiotic therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Macular neuroretinitis in CSD can be satisfactorily diagnosed with the use of fluorescent antibodies in the appropriate clinical setting. Optimal treatment for the disease has not been established and observation combined with patient education remains an appropriate option. The self-limited nature of the disease implies that treatment studies not using controls must be interpreted with great caution. Adverse drug reactions and other iatrogenic complications can be reduced by limiting antibiotic use in settings where a meaningful treatment benefit has not been established.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = sensitivity (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/209. Is sphenoid sinus opacity significant in patients with optic neuritis?PURPOSE: optic neuritis secondary to sinus disease is an infrequent but well-documented association. When a patient presents with signs of optic nerve dysfunction and orbital inflammation the significance of widespread sinus disease on radiology is clear and the management is straightforward. We present a group of patients with isolated optic neuritis and radiological evidence of spheno-ethmoiditis and discuss the clinical relevance of this finding. methods: We reviewed the notes of 11 patients with optic neuritis who, because of atypical headache, underwent neuroimaging revealing sphenoid sinus opacity. Six patients had endoscopic drainage of the sphenoid sinus; 4 were treated medically. RESULTS: Sinus contents included fungal infection (2), mucopurulent material (5), polyps (1) and necrotic tumour (1). Narrowing of the optic canal due to chronic osteomyelitis was found in 1 patient with irreversible optic atrophy. Visual loss was reversible in 6 patients. Four patients had normal radiological findings after treatment. Two patients had recurrent optic neuritis with sphenoid sinusitis on MRI scan, resolving on treatment, during the 4 year follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Possible mechanisms of nerve damage in this situation include direct spread of infection, occlusive vasculitis and bony deficiency in the wall of the sinus. patients presenting with isolated optic neuritis and atypical headache should be scanned; an opaque sphenoid sinus in the context of visual loss should not be dismissed as coincidental but assumed to be pathological and the patient referred for drainage. sphenoid sinusitis is an uncommon but treatable cause of optic neuritis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 9.8425039150582keywords = visual (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/209. multiple sclerosis with extensive lesions left hemiplegia, mental dysfunction and retrobulbar neuritis.multiple sclerosis (MS) is usually diagnosed on the basis of the typical clinical course, with remission and exacerbation in multiple parts of the central nervous system (CNS). Recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has made a large contribution to the diagnosis of patients with MS. But it is difficult to make a definite diagnosis due to clinical variability of the disease and variable MRI findings. We report the case of a 26-year-old woman who developed progressive left hemiplegia, mental dysfunction, and had extensive bilateral cerebral white matter lesions diagnosed by brain MRI. Complete recovery from the left hemiplegia followed the use of corticosteroid, and her brain MRI findings also improved after medication. Early in the clinical course it was difficult to differentiate between multiple sclerosis and granulomatous angiitis of the CNS. After recovery from the first episode of left hemiplegia and mental dysfunction, she developed acute visual disturbance five months after her first admission. Readmission followed and her retrobulbar neuritis was successfully treated by methylpredonisolone pulse therapy. In summary, she experienced two episodes of neurological deficit, had left hemiplegia and mental dysfunction associated with multiple lesions in bilateral cerebral white matter in brain MRI, and the left retrobulbar neuritis with delay of P100 by visual evoked potential study. Due to these two episodes we concluded that she had multiple sclerosis. Though the initial diagnosis was difficult, prompt treatment and close follow-up was important, since multiple sclerosis and granulomatous angiitis of the CNS can both recur.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 19.685007830116keywords = visual (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/209. Diffuse bilateral subacute neuroretinitis: first patient with documented nematodes in both eyes.OBJECTIVE: To describe the first patient with documented evidence of diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN) in both eyes. methods: A 10-year-old healthy Brazilian girl was first seen with signs of late-stage DUSN in both eyes. A careful search for a nematode was performed in each eye. RESULTS: A motile 550- to 660-microm nematode was found in the inferotemporal retina of the left eye. A similar-sized motile nematode was found in the superotemporal retina of the right eye. Both nematodes were treated with argon green laser applications with bilateral improvement of visual function. CONCLUSION: Although most patients with DUSN do not develop the disease in the fellow eye, this case demonstrates that DUSN can occasionally affect both eyes.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 9.8425039150582keywords = visual (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/209. Optic neuropathy occurring after bee and wasp sting.OBJECTIVE: To inform ophthalmologists about bee and wasp sting-related optic neuropathy. DESIGN: Two case reports and literature review. methods: review of two cases, clinical history, laboratory testing, and follow-up. RESULTS: Two cases of bee and wasp sting optic neuritis are described and five additional cases of optic neuritis occurring after hymenoptera sting are reviewed from the English language literature. These cases share certain characteristics, including acute to subacute onset of symptoms; moderate to severe visual loss followed by significant visual recovery; edematous and hemorrhagic optic discs; and central or cecocentral scotomas. CONCLUSIONS: Acute optic neuropathy may follow hymenoptera sting to the face.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 19.685007830116keywords = visual (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/209. Ocular toxicity of systemic medications: a case series.BACKGROUND: There are many visually threatening conditions that may result from long-term use of systemic medications. Many of these adverse side effects can be greatly reduced or prevented with close monitoring of patients. In view of current knowledge, updated clinical guidelines for appropriate monitoring of ocular toxicity from systemic medications need to be developed for the eye care practitioner. CASE review: There have been many reports of ocular toxicity from isoniazid, thioridazine, steroids, and amiodarone therapy. Clinical cases illustrating possible adverse ocular side effects are presented, which include INH-induced optic neuropathy, phenothiazine-induced retinopathy, steroid-induced glaucoma, and vortex epitheliopathy secondary to amiodarone. CONCLUSION: Optometrists should be aware of the potential for ocular side effects from systemic medications. Eye care guidelines for monitoring ocular side effects from thioridazine, INH, steroids, and amiodarone use are suggested.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 9.8425039150582keywords = visual (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/209. HSV-1--induced acute retinal necrosis syndrome presenting with severe inflammatory orbitopathy, proptosis, and optic nerve involvement.OBJECTIVE: To present a unique case in which orbital inflammation, proptosis, and optic neuritis were the initial symptoms of acute retinal necrosis (ARN). The clinical presentation of ARN, as well as the currently recommended diagnostic procedures and guidelines for medical treatment of ARN, are summarized. DESIGN: Interventional case report. TESTING: polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques were made on the vitreous for cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella zoster virus, and toxoplasmosis. A full laboratory evaluation was made together with HLA-typing and serologic tests measuring convalescent titers for HSV and other micro-organisms. magnetic resonance imaging scan, computed tomography (CT) scan, and fluorescein angiographic examination were performed. The patient was treated with acyclovir and oral prednisone. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The patient was evaluated for initial and final visual acuity and for degree of proptosis, periocular edema, and vitreitis. RESULTS: The first symptoms and signs of ARN were eye pain, headache, proptosis, and a swollen optic nerve on CT scan. Other than increased c-reactive protein, all blood samples were normal. PCR was positive for HSV-type I in two separate vitreous biopsies. The patient had the strongly ARN-related specificity HLA-DQ7. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of HSV-induced ARN presenting with inflammatory orbitopathy and optic neuritis. polymerase chain reaction for HSV-1 was positive more than 4 weeks after debut of symptoms, which is a new finding. The combination of severe vitreitis and retinal whitening, with or without proptosis, should alert the clinician to the possibility of herpes infection and treatment with intravenous acyclovir started promptly.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 9.8425039150582keywords = visual (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/209. Retrobulbar optic neuritis and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in a fourteen-year-old girl with retinitis pigmentosa sine pigmento.A 14-year-old girl complained of a sudden decrease in right visual acuity. The patient had night blindness, a mottled retina but no pigments, extinguished scotopic electroretinographic response, central scotoma in the right eye and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. She had initially received laser photocoagulation around the retinal tear and then corticosteroid therapy, cryoretinopexy and segmental buckling. Her right visual acuity increased to 1.0. The association of retinitis pigmentosa sine pigmento, retrobulbar optic neuritis and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, as demonstrated in our patient, may be uncommon.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 19.685007830116keywords = visual (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/209. Melanocytoma of the left optic nerve head and right retrobulbar optic neuropathy compressed by a tuberculum sellae meningioma.A 40-year-old woman had a highly pigmented, slightly elevated tumor on the left optic disc. She had no visual disturbance in the left eye. The tumor was stationary for 5 years. At age 45 years, she complained of decreased visual acuity in the right eye. magnetic resonance imaging showed a right-shifted homogeneous lesion at the tuberculum sellae. Histopathologic study of the excised lesion revealed interlacing bundles of spindle-shaped fibroblast-like cells with whorl formation. We believe that a relationship between melanocytoma of the optic nerve head and a tuberculum sellae meningioma may exist rather than a chance occurrence, as previously suggested by others.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 19.685007830116keywords = visual (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/209. Atypical retinitis pigmentosa masquerading as a nerve fiber bundle lesion."Sector" or "asymmetric" retinitis pigmentosa was mistaken as bilateral nerve fiber bundle defects in a 56-year-old man for six years, leading to an unnecessary work-up for anterior visual pathway disease and to an incorrect diagnosis of low-tension glaucoma. confusion arises because this variant may present with bilateral, superior, half-ring visual field defects that intersect the blindspots. These defects may be misplotted as typical arcuate Bjerrum's scotomas. The ophthalmoscopic changes that correspond to these visual field defects may be so subtle as to be overlooked. fluorescein angiography helps bring out the retinal lesions, and moderately subnormal electroretinographic and dark adaptation studies are definitive.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 29.527511745174keywords = visual (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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