1/77. Long-term survival after extended surgical resection of melanoma metastasis and immunotherapy.A patient with a huge melanoma metastasis to the left adrenal gland was treated by multivisceral surgical resection. Progression of disease could be controlled by systemic immunotherapy resulting in long-term survival. In selected cases, above all with late manifestation of distant melanoma metastases, even major surgical resection of such lesions can be worthwhile.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/77. Surgical treatment for recurrent tumors of primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus: a case report and review of the literature.The purpose of this communication is to present a case of resection performed for local recurrent tumors of primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus (PMME) and to review the relevant literature. The patient was a 54 year-old man who had received an intraabdominal esophagectomy with a total gastrectomy for primary malignant melanoma of the abdominal esophagus in another hospital, in November 1995. After the initial operation, he was treated as an outpatient. In August 1997, computed tomography and ultrasonography revealed recurrent tumors in the dorsal pancreatic lymph node and in the right adrenal gland. The recurrent tumor of the dorsal pancreas directly invaded the dorsal pancreas parenchyma and occluded the superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein, and the other metastatic tumor in the right adrenal gland existed in the absence of circumference invasion. Metastases of the PMME were confirmed in the dorsal pancreas, the superior mesenteric vein, splenic vein, and right adrenal gland, and were removed by a total pancreatectomy on October 7, 1997. By immunohistochemical staining, we found that the focal areas expressed S-100 protein and HMB-45 antibody. Currently (February 1998), the patient is alive and disease-free. PMME is an extremely rare tumor with a poor prognosis for survival. Only 2 cases of removal of recurrent tumors, including the present case, have been reported. The treatment of choice is surgical resection, even in cases of recurrence, because radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy have not been proven to be beneficial; however, they may play a palliative role if surgery is not possible.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/77. Leptomeningeal melanoma in childhood.BACKGROUND: Malignant melanoma (MM) is one of the least common types of childhood cancer, accounting for less than 1% of all pediatric malignancies. Neurocutaneous melanosis (NCM) is a rare phakomatosis consisting of congenital abnormal pigmentation of the skin and meninges. The meningeal lesions are particularly prone to malignant change. methods: The authors describe 5 patients with NCM and 1 with primary leptomeningeal melanoma (LMM) seen at 2 treatment centers in the north of england over a 13-year period (1984-1997). RESULTS: The clinical features, progress, radiological findings, and treatment of these patients are discussed. All six died within eight months of their diagnosis, illustrating the difficulties faced in treating patients with these conditions. The authors reviewed the published literature on NCM, concentrating on the various therapeutic strategies that have been tried. Very little consistency in approach was found. Malignant skin lesions in NCM may be less responsive than primary malignant melanoma, but the small number of patients with primary LMM or brain metastases of MM make comparisons with NCM difficult. The authors' own series illustrates well the piecemeal nature of therapy for patients with these rare conditions. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of incidence of MM melanoma in the U.K. is increasing, and it will represent an increasing proportion of the pediatric oncologist's workload. A consistent approach to the therapy of patients with metastatic MM and NCM is needed if we are to have any hope of offering more than palliative therapy to these children in the future.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/77. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of desmoplastic malignant melanoma metastatic to the parotid gland: case report and review of the literature.We report a case of desmoplastic malignant melanoma metastatic to the parotid gland initially evaluated by fine-needle aspiration. The cytologic findings consisted of scattered spindle cells in a background of heterogeneous lymphoid cells. The spindle cells were scant and displayed mild cytologic atypia. In addition, rare stromal fragments were also present. Cytoplasmic pigment and intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions were not seen. The initial impression was that of a reactive lymph node with fibrosis. In retrospect, rare spindle cells displayed moderate atypia. In addition, the stromal fragments were cellular and contained spindle cells with mild atypia. These cytologic findings along with a known history of malignant melanoma should provide clues to the correct diagnosis of desmoplastic malignant melanoma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2000;22:97-100.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/77. Primary malignant melanoma arising in the parotid gland: case report and literature review.melanoma of the head and neck is an extremely rare disease, characterized by difficult and late diagnosis and poor prognosis; moreover, the definition of primary melanomas of the salivary glands remains controversial. In this paper we describe an unusual case of primary melanoma arising in the parotid gland. A 60-year-old woman presented to us for the persistence of a parotid neoplasm diagnosed as carcinoma by fine-needle aspiration and treated with radiation therapy. Wide destructive surgery was performed and immunohistochemical analysis of the surgical specimen led to a diagnosis of melanoma. Complete screening excluded other primary tumor sites. After five years of follow-up the patient Is alive and free of disease. Here we report the diagnostic procedures leading to the diagnosis along with a critical analysis of the literature, emphasizing the difficulties in the diagnosis and classification of melanoma as a primary tumor in the parotid gland and the need for destructive surgery.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 7keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/77. Fine-needle aspiration of a metaplastic breast carcinoma with extensive melanocytic differentiation: a case report.Metaplastic carcinomas of the breast are uncommon breast tumors with aberrant cellular differentiation, most commonly showing ductal, squamous, and mesenchymal components. A breast carcinoma composed of both epithelial and melanocytic differentiation is rare, with only four previously reported cases in the literature. We present the fifth reported case, where the diagnosis was suggested by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and later confirmed after the surgical specimen was excised. Histologically, this neoplasm revealed multidirectional differentiation, consisting primarily of squamous and melanocytic cell types, with focal glandular and osseous metaplasia. Based on the morphologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural findings, we conclude that such tumors fall within the spectrum of metaplastic carcinomas of the breast. We believe that this case will further contribute to the understanding of this enigmatic tumor.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/77. Benign melanocytic tumor in infancy: discussion on a rare case and review of the literature.Meningeal melanocytoma is an infrequent neoplasm of the central nervous system (CNS), especially in childhood and infancy. It was first described as an entity different from pigmented meningiomas and schwannomas in 1972, and few cases have been published so far. In this article, a 5-month-old male patient with meningeal melanocytoma is presented. This midline lesion was localized in the posterior fossa and manifested by hydrocephalus. The entire dural origin and extradural growing pattern in addition to the destruction of the adjacent occipital bone were the unexpected presentations since these tumors usually tend to locate on leptomeninges and to extend into the adjacent neural compartment rather than the outside. On the other hand, this case is the only one which had identical lesions in both surrenal glands and the left renal capsule, the structures containing neural-crest-derived cells outside the CNS. The prognostic criteria, differential diagnosis and its embryological aspects are discussed with an extensive review of the related existing literature.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/77. Primary pineal melanocytic tumor. Case report.A primary melanocytic lesion arising from the pineal gland is very rare. The authors report a case of primary pineal melanocytic tumor with dissemination to the right hippocampus in a 50-year-old woman who presented with memory disturbance. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed a mass that was hyperintense on T1-weighted and hypointense on T2-weighted MR images. The pineal tumor was removed subtotally via the occipital transtentorial approach, and the patient underwent whole-brain irradiation. Results of histological examination revealed that the tumor predominantly consisted of atypical cells with scanty melanin pigment and some necrotic foci. The strongly pigmented areas of the tumor contained well-differentiated cells similar to those of melanocytoma. An ultrastructural study demonstrated evidence of a mature type of melanosome. The patient died 11 months after surgery and radiotherapy (1.7 years after the onset of symptoms). The autopsy findings demonstrated tumor invasion into the parenchyma through the leptomeningeal space and the ventricular wall. The tumor was diagnosed as being malignant, and it was finally concluded that the atypical cells in the tumor were probably responsible. This pineal melanocytic tumor exhibited a wide spectrum of differentiation, ranging from highly malignant melanoma to well-differentiated melanocytoma, which may have contributed to the patient's relatively long survival period. The biological behavior and morphological characteristics of this tumor appear to be similar to those of other pineal parenchymal lesions.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/77. Cytological aspects of melanotic variant of medullary thyroid carcinoma.We had the opportunity to examine a case of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of a melanotic variant of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) in a 20-yr-old man. The patient presented a single node, hardened and mobile upon deglutition, in the right lobe of the thyroid, for 9 mo, without symptoms of glandular dysfunction. calcitonin (138 pg/ml), urinary calcium (177 mg/dl), and the carcinoembryonic antigen (341 ng/ml) were increased. The nodular aspirate, drawn by FNA, was represented by pleomorphic cells, with frequent intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions, sometimes bi- or multinucleated, with abundant, finely granular cytoplasm, sometimes containing a brown pigment resembling melanin. An immunohistochemical study using monoclonal antibodies (Dako Corp., Carpinteria, CA) showed that the neoplastic cells were intensely and diffusely positive for calcitonin and chromogranin, and focally positive for HMB45. In view of these findings, the case was characterized as a melanotic variant of medullary carcinoma, a rare type of neoplasia, but having a prognosis similar to the classical variant of MTC.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/77. Malignant melanoma cells in the eccrine apparatus.A case of malignant melanoma arising on the sole of a 75-year-old Japanese man is presented. Histopathologically, in addition to the intraepidermal and intradermal malignant melanoma cells reaching the upper part of the dermis, cells were also found in the deep part of the ductal epithelium of the eccrine apparatus. melanoma cells, and melanocytic nevus cells as well, are rarely found within the epithelial structure of sweat glands, yet they are frequently found in that of hair follicles. In order to avoid a residue of melanoma cells in the deep part of the eccrine apparatus, a fairly deep excision should be performed even for this melanoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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