1/124. Compression of the visual pathway by anterior cerebral artery aneurysm.Visual failure is an uncommon presenting symptom of an intracranial aneurysm. It is even more uncommon in aneurysms arising from the anterior cerebral artery (ACA). We presented 2 patients with an aneurysm of the A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery causing visual field defects. One patient presented with a complete homonymous hemianopia due to compression of the optic tract by a giant aneurysm of the proximal left A1 segment. The second patient had an almost complete unilateral anopia caused by compression of the optic nerve and chiasm by an aneurysm of the distal part of the A1 segment with a small chiasmatic hemorrhage and ventricular rupture.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = optic (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/124. Multifocal meningioangiomatosis: a report of two cases.We report the CT and MR findings in two patients with multifocal meningioangiomatosis, neither of whom had a family history or stigmata of neurofibromatosis. All lesions were located in the cortical and subcortical areas and had round dense calcifications with eccentric cysts. The masses were associated with surrounding edema and gliosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.073280182641997keywords = edema (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/124. Is sphenoid sinus opacity significant in patients with optic neuritis?PURPOSE: optic neuritis secondary to sinus disease is an infrequent but well-documented association. When a patient presents with signs of optic nerve dysfunction and orbital inflammation the significance of widespread sinus disease on radiology is clear and the management is straightforward. We present a group of patients with isolated optic neuritis and radiological evidence of spheno-ethmoiditis and discuss the clinical relevance of this finding. methods: We reviewed the notes of 11 patients with optic neuritis who, because of atypical headache, underwent neuroimaging revealing sphenoid sinus opacity. Six patients had endoscopic drainage of the sphenoid sinus; 4 were treated medically. RESULTS: Sinus contents included fungal infection (2), mucopurulent material (5), polyps (1) and necrotic tumour (1). Narrowing of the optic canal due to chronic osteomyelitis was found in 1 patient with irreversible optic atrophy. Visual loss was reversible in 6 patients. Four patients had normal radiological findings after treatment. Two patients had recurrent optic neuritis with sphenoid sinusitis on MRI scan, resolving on treatment, during the 4 year follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Possible mechanisms of nerve damage in this situation include direct spread of infection, occlusive vasculitis and bony deficiency in the wall of the sinus. patients presenting with isolated optic neuritis and atypical headache should be scanned; an opaque sphenoid sinus in the context of visual loss should not be dismissed as coincidental but assumed to be pathological and the patient referred for drainage. sphenoid sinusitis is an uncommon but treatable cause of optic neuritis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 6keywords = optic (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/124. The role of corticosteroids in the treatment of cerebral schistosomiasis caused by schistosoma mansoni: case report and discussion.A 26-year-old Brazilian man was admitted to The Toronto Hospital with a headache and visual scintillation. His last travel to brazil was five years previously. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the head showed an occipital mass with surrounding vasogenic edema. Occipital brain biopsy revealed schistosoma mansoni eggs. The patient was treated with two doses of praziquantel (20 mg/kg) and dexamethasone (10 mg). His symptoms and occipital mass resolved. Cerebral schistosomiasis is, in part, caused by the host's inflammatory response to Schistosoma. Modes of treatment have included surgical resection, the antiparasitic drugs oxamniquine or praziquantel, and corticosteroids. Corticosteroids may diminish granulomatous inflammation, thereby preventing further tissue destruction, and there is evidence that they also reduce ova deposition. Our review of the literature supports prompt medical therapy in patients with cerebral schistosomiasis. While the minimally or asymptomatic individual may be treated with praziquantel alone, clinicians should consider adjunctive therapy with corticosteroids for patients with prominent neurologic signs or symptoms or mass lesions with evidence of surrounding edema on a CT scan or by magnetic resonance imaging.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.14656036528399keywords = edema (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/124. Intracerebral cystic meningioma--case report.A 46-year-old female presented with persistent bifrontal headache. Computed tomography revealed a large cystic tumor in the right temporoparietal area, which included a solid component. The tumor had no attachment to the dura. There was no peritumoral edema or mass effect usually found around cystic meningiomas. The solid component was totally removed. Histological examination indicated that the tumor was a fibrous meningioma. Intracerebral meningioma with a large cystic component without dural attachment should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cystic cerebral tumors.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.073280182641997keywords = edema (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/124. Papilloedema secondary to acute purulent sinusitis.Upper respiratory tract infections and sinusitis are common, but intracranial complications of sinusitis are rare in children and are often clinically unremarkable. Papilloedema secondary to purulent sinusitis is a complication previously not reported. We report two cases to highlight atypical manifestations of sinusitis in children.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.36640091320999keywords = edema (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/124. Primary CNS lymphoma associated with streptococcal abscess: an autopsy case.This report describes a case of streptococcal abscess in the nodules of a primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed multiple lesions with ringlike enhancement over the bilateral frontal, right temporal, and left parietal lobes. On admission, acute brain edema occurred following angiography, which resulted in respiratory arrest. autopsy findings showed that the ringlike enhanced lesions on MRI were streptococcal abscesses localized in the lymphoma nodules. The lymphoma was classified as non-Hodgkin, diffuse large cells of B-cell lineage. No other lymphoma mass was found extracranially. An immunohistochemical study showed that the lymphoma cells were positive for leukocyte common antigen, Epstein-Barr virus, bax. and bcl-XL, and negative for L-26 and bcl-2. This case demonstrated that an opportunistic streptococcal abscess developed in primary CNS lymphoma in a patient without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), though a few similar cases have been reported in patients with AIDS.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.073280182641997keywords = edema (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/124. Orbital drainage from cerebral arteriovenous malformations.OBJECTIVE: To describe the neuro-ophthalmic findings in patients with orbital drainage from cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). methods: We reviewed the records of 100 consecutive adult patients with cerebral AVMs who presented to our institution during a 4-year period. All patients with orbital drainage were identified, and their neuro-ophthalmic evaluations were reviewed. RESULTS: Three patients (3%) were identified with orbital drainage from a cerebral AVM. The first patient presented with typical chiasmal syndrome (reduced visual acuity, bitemporal hemianopia, and optic atrophy). magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a large left temporal and parietal lobe AVM with compression of the chiasm between a large pituitary gland and a markedly enlarged carotid artery. The second patient presented with headaches and postural monocular transient visual obscurations. Examination revealed normal visual function with minimal orbital congestion and asymmetrical disc edema, which was worse in the left eye. magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large right parietal and occipital lobe AVM without mass effect or hemorrhage and an enlarged left superior ophthalmic vein. The third patient had no visual symptoms and a normal neuro-ophthalmic examination; a right parietal lobe AVM was discovered during an examination for the cause of headaches. CONCLUSION: Orbital drainage from cerebral AVMs is rare. Manifestations may include anterior visual pathway compression, dilated conjunctival veins, orbital congestion, and asymmetrical disc swelling.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.573280182642keywords = optic, edema (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/124. Pachymeningitis with pseudo-Foster Kennedy syndrome.PURPOSE: To report a case of pachymeningitis with pseudo-Foster Kennedy syndrome in a patient who was positive for perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody. methods: Case report. A 44-year-old man was examined for headache and diplopia. RESULTS: Left eye showed limitation of abduction. Ocular fundus, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head and orbits were normal. The diplopia subsided spontaneously. Six months later, he noticed sudden visual loss in the left eye. The left eye showed optic disk atrophy and episcleritis, and the right eye showed papilloedema. Computed tomography and MRI exhibited thickened dura mater. serum perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody level was highly increased. CONCLUSION: Pachymeningitis with ocular involvement sometimes requires repeated CT or MRI for diagnosis. This disorder may be caused by microvasculitis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.573280182642keywords = optic, edema (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/124. Trigeminal autonomic cephalgia with periorbital ecchymosis, ocular hemorrhage, hypertension and behavioral alterations.We describe a 38-year-old male in whom severe unilateral headache was associated with marked palpebral edema, periorbital ecchymosis, lacrimation, conjunctival injection, nasal congestion and rhinorrhea. A second, less severe headache form developed subsequently. The patient often presented severe labile hypertension and behavioral disturbances during the crises, and there was an episode of intra-ocular hemorrhage. General, neurological and ophthalmological examinations revealed nothing remarkable. We discuss possible pathogenetic mechanisms and the nosology of this case within the trigeminal autonomic cephalgias.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.073280182641997keywords = edema (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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