1/8. Agenesis of the penis: patterns of associated malformations.Agenesis of the penis is a rare malformation that occurs in otherwise normal males or together with other anomalies. In this article, we document unusual patterns of malformations in four such infants and analyze the nature and incidence of defects in 57 cases by clinical evaluation and numerical classification techniques. Although patients with this condition previously have been divided into groups based on the position of the urethral meatus in relation to the anus (presphincteric, postsphincteric, urethral atresia), our analyses suggest that most cases can be classified into either a severe form (16%) with renal aplasia or dysplasia and other caudal anomalies or a second group (72%) with low mortality and fewer additional malformations. The remaining cases in our group represented unique patterns stemming from a variety of causes, including etretinate embryopathy and the human homologue of the disorganization mutation. Agenesis of the penis occurs as a consequence of single gene disorders, teratogenic effects, or malformation sequences and associations and in unrecognized patterns of anomalies. It thus should be considered a developmental field defect. Its concurrence with scrotal hypoplasia, absent raphe, and anal anomalies implies a major disturbance of the caudal mesoderm. In such cases, severe renal defects are usually seen, and the prognosis is poor. When the patient has a patent urethra and normal scrotum, raphe, and testes, however, penile agenesis may be a localized malformation of the genital tubercle potentially related to penoscrotal transposition, a phylogenetic anomaly that is the normal genital arrangement in male marsupials, rabbits, and certain other mammals. Infants with isolated penile agenesis have generally done well. In the past, many were not treated; however, current recommendations are to use appropriate surgical and endocrine techniques to reassign female gender and enhance sexual and psychosocial functioning, though this approach is the subject of controversy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nature (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/8. A seminal vesicle cyst complicated with a tumor like nodular mass of benign proliferating prostatic tissue: a case report with ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies.We report a seminal vesicle cyst complicated with a tumor-like nodular mass of benign proliferating prostatic tissue. The patient was a 53-year-old Japanese man. A cyst of approximately 4.5 cm in diameter was discovered at the left seminal vesicle area. In the inner part of the cyst, a papillary nodular mass of 0.7 cm in diameter was seen. Under the clinical diagnosis of a seminal vesicle cyst with a tumorous mural nodule, the patient underwent resection of the seminal vesicle cyst to rule out the possibility that the nodular mass in the cyst was a neoplasm of an especially malignant nature. Microscopic examination of the excised specimen revealed a small dome-like nodular mass on the luminal surface of the cyst consisting of nodular proliferation of benign tubular gland tissue with various configurations. Conventional histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural analysis showed the proliferating cells in the nodular mass consisted of the benign prostate type. It is extremely important to differentiate between a benign proliferation and a malignant one, when the nodular mass is found in the seminal vesicle cyst.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nature (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/8. Haemorrhagic papillary cystadenoma of the seminal vesicle mimicking giant seminal vesicle cyst: MRI appearances.Papillary cystadenoma of the seminal vesicle is very rare. We describe such a case presenting in a 58 year old man with bladder outlet obstruction. Investigations included magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the usefulness of which in pre-operative diagnosis is highlighted in this case. Seminal vesicle cysts can usually be identified by conventional radiological imaging techniques such as ultrasound and computed tomography; however, identification would be difficult if the cyst is very large, causing distortion of the adjacent anatomy. In such cases, MRI, through coronal and sagittal scanning, can be helpful in localising the lesion, as in this patient. The precise pathological nature of the cyst can only be confirmed by biopsy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nature (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/8. MR imaging in seminal vesiculitis.Seminal vesicle disorders may be clinically vague owing to the nonspecific nature of the associated signs and symptoms. Thus, the diagnosis of seminal vesicle disease is frequently difficult. Two cases of seminal vesiculitis are presented to illustrate the usefulness of pelvic magnetic resonance imaging in making this difficult diagnosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nature (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/8. Fibromyxomatous pseudotumor of the scrotum.An unusual scrotal mass occurring in a 72-year-old man is described. Clinically and grossly, the lesion appeared to be a neoplasm. However, microscopically the mass was composed of fibromyxomatous tissue that appeared to be degenerative rather than neoplastic in nature.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nature (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/8. Immunohistochemical profile of primary sclerosing lipogranuloma of the scrotum: report of five cases.Five cases of primary sclerosing scrotal lipogranuloma were examined histologically and immunohistochemically. Every case lacked a history of injection or trauma, and revealed common histological features: a typical granuloma composed of epithelioid cells and multinucleated giant cells, and inflammatory infiltrates of eosinophils, lymphocytes and macrophage/monocytes in the interstitium. immunohistochemistry disclosed the epithelioid cells and multinucleated giant cells of the granuloma to be monocytes in nature, as both types of cells were positive for lysozyme, alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, and KP-1. In the interstitium, KP-1 positive monocytes, L-26 positive B lymphocytes, UCHL-1 positive T lymphocytes and S-100 protein positive Langerhans-like cells were frequently found. S-100 protein positive cells could not be detected in the granuloma. Primary sclerosing lipogranuloma of the scrotum, therefore, is a peculiar inflammation characterized by granulomas consisting of monocytes and marked tissue eosinophilia of unknown etiology.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nature (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/8. Benign ectopic prostatic tissue involving the seminal vesicle in a patient with prostate cancer: recognition and implications for staging.We report the finding of benign, ectopic prostatic tissue in the seminal vesicle of a 67-year-old man who underwent a radical cystoprostatectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and in whom carcinoma of the prostate was incidentally identified. The benign nature of the ectopic prostatic epithelium within the seminal vesicle was confirmed by its morphologic features and by the identification of an intact basal cell layer surrounding the prostatic epithelium. In this patient with prostatic carcinoma, it was essential to distinguish benign prostatic epithelium from adenocarcinoma to assign a correct tumor stage and determine appropriate treatment.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nature (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/8. Pyodermitis of genital areas: an atypical manifestation of eosinophilic pustulosis of childhood.Eosinophilic pustulosis of the scalp was first described in 1984. It has also been described in other sites than the scalp. We report a case in which the lesions exclusively involved the genitals. A 4-month-old boy presented with papulopustular lesions of the genitals in the form of pyodermitis with a favourable course over several days but which subsequently recurred. A smear of a pustule revealed no signs of scabies or viral, fungal or bacterial infection. histology showed a non-follicular eosinophilic pustulosis. This case emphasizes the ubiquitous and sometimes misleading nature of eosinophilic pustulosis and the non-follicular nature of the lesions.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = nature (Clic here for more details about this article) |