11/71. Ophthalmomyiasis in oman: a case report and comments.A case of external ophthalmomyiasis caused by the first instar larvae of the sheep nasal botfly (Oestrus ovis) has been reported for the first time from the Sultanate of oman, Southern arabia. Sixty larvae were removed from the left eye of a 21-year-old male student, who acquired the infection during a field trip. The manual removal of larvae using a swab stick was the only effective treatment. The larval characteristics are described with illustrations, and the status of O ovis ophthalmomyiasis in the middle east is discussed. The folk treatment administered for fly-mediated ophthalmomyiasis in oman is also reported. Ophthalmomyiasis may not be a serious public health problem in oman, but a nationwide survey of all myiases may be worthwhile.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
12/71. Genotypic assignment of infection by dirofilaria repens.dirofilariasis is a parasitic disease, which if treated inappropriately due to misdiagnosis, can cause unwanted complications particularly when the infection is located in the breast. The numerous obstacles that can cause misdiagnosis of dirofilariases by standard morphological procedures prompted the development of a dirofilaria repens-specific direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnostic approach using freshly infected dog blood. Reliable amplification of nematode dna from formalin-fixed infected human specimens by this method is only possible from relatively fresh biological material, preserved in the fixative for up to 20 days. We report here our first case of dirofilariasis since the development of PCR genotyping, where the pathogen was morphologically unrecognizable and the diagnosis was based exclusively on dna amplification. We complete our methodological contribution to the clinical laboratory diagnosis of dirofilariasis by presenting two more cases, where the primary genotypic assignment of infection by D. repens was further confirmed by conventional morphological means.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 6keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
13/71. Orbital dirofilariasis.dirofilariasis is a parasitic disease of domestic and wild animals that occasionally may present as zoonotic infection in humans. The microfilariae are accidentally transmitted to humans by culex and aedes mosquitoes. Ophthalmic infections with Dirofilaria are well documented all over the world, including America, europe and australia. The infection may be periorbital, subconjunctival or intraocular. In this report a case is described of orbital dirofilariasis that presented as ptosis and lid swelling. Australian ophthalmologists should consider dirofilariasis as part of the differential diagnosis of orbital swelling and inflammation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
14/71. Concurrent cutaneous, visceral and ocular leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in a kidney transplant patient.Although cases of leishmaniasis co-infection have been described in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients as well as those who have undergone organ transplants, to our knowledge, the present report is the first documented case of simultaneous cutaneous, visceral and ocular leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in a transplant patient. The patient had been using immunosuppressive drugs since receiving a transplanted kidney. The first clinical signs of leishmaniasis included fever, thoracic pain, hepatosplenomegaly, leucopenia and anemia. The cutaneous disease was revealed by the presence of amastigotes in the skin biopsy. After three months, the patient presented fever with conjunctive hyperemia, intense ocular pain and low visual acuity. parasites isolated from iliac crest, aqueous humor and vitreous body were examined using a range of molecular techniques. The same strain of L. (V.) braziliensis was responsible for the different clinical manifestations. The immunosuppressive drugs probably contributed to the dissemination of Leishmania.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
15/71. Case report: intraocular localization of mansonella perstans in a patient from south chad.A case of mansonella perstans infection with visual impairment and a retinal lesion is described. After a course of diethylcarbamazine and a further course of mebendazole the symptoms improved and the microfilariae blood concentration decreased. The symptoms and response to antifilarial treatment strongly suggested the intraocular localization of an M. perstans worm.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
16/71. Microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis in a healthy patient with a history of LASIK surgery.PURPOSE: To describe a case of microsporidia corneal infection in a hiv-negative patient who did not wear contact lenses. METHOD: Case report and review of literature. RESULTS: This is the first case report of a human immunodeficiency virus-negative individual, a non-contact lens wearer, with microsporidia infection. CONCLUSION: microsporidia keratoconjunctivitis may occur in healthy subjects with no antecedent contact lens wear.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
17/71. The first human case in mexico of conjunctivitis caused by the avian parasite, Philophthalmus lacrimosus.Species of Philophthalmus parasitize primarily the eyes of wild and domestic birds. A variety of mammals, including humans, occasionally serve as the intermediate as well as the definitive hosts for this parasite, although human cases are extremely rare. Here, we report a case of human conjunctivitis caused by an infection with Philophthalmus sp. in mexico. The patient was a 31-yr-old male who visited an ophthalmologist in Los Mochis, Sinaloa, mexico, because of a foreign-body sensation in his left eye for 2 mo. A small live parasite was found in the connective tissue of the bulbar conjunctiva and was removed surgically under local anesthesia under ophthalmoscopic observation. The parasite was identified morphologically as Philophthalmus lacrimosus Braun, 1902. This is the first case of human philophthalmosis in mexico and, to our knowledge, the first human case of P. lacrimosus infection in the world.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
18/71. Eye findings of diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis and multiple choroidal infiltrates associated with neural larva migrans due to Bbaylisascaris procyonis.PURPOSE: To report childhood infection with Baylisascaris procyonis (raccoon round worm) manifesting as diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN) and choroidal infiltrates in association with neurologic disease (neural larva migrans).METHOD: Observational case series, one with eye manifestations of DUSN, the other with choroidal infiltrates, both with severe neurologic degeneration. RESULTS: Indirect immunofluorescence assays on serum and cerebrospinal fluid were positive for B. procyonis in one and serially positive and increasing in the other. Both children had a history of pica and raccoon exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Baylisascaris procyonis infection is associated with two cases of severe neurologic degeneration with ocular lesions: DUSN and choroidal infiltrates. Although B. procyonis is known to cause DUSN, these cases indicate that concomitant ocular migration may accompany neural larva migrans. These are the third and forth cases in the US literature of neural larva migrans due to B. procyonis with eye findings.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
19/71. Microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis in healthy individuals: a case series.PURPOSE: To present a series of 6 cases of microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis in healthy, nonimmunocompromised individuals. DESIGN: Retrospective, noncomparative case series. PARTICIPANTS: Six individuals with unilateral keratoconjunctivitis. methods: cornea epithelial scrapings were taken and evaluated by modified trichome staining. blood was taken for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in all cases and for CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocyte counts in 5 cases. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The individuals were evaluated based on symptoms, visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and pathologic examination of the corneal scrapings. RESULTS: All cases occurred in men whose ages ranged from 16 to 37 years. Initial symptoms included unilateral pain and redness. All experienced subsequent worsening of symptoms and blurring of vision after using topical steroids prescribed by general practitioners. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy revealed coarse, multifocal, punctate epithelial keratitis in all 6 cases, anterior stromal infiltrates in 2 cases, with accompanying conjunctivitis in all cases. Modified trichrome staining of corneal epithelial scrapes revealed pinkish to red spores characteristic of microsporidia in all cases. Results of an hiv enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were negative in all cases, and CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocyte counts and ratios were normal in all 5 tested cases. On diagnosis, topical steroid therapy was stopped in all cases. Treatment with topical Fumidil B (bicyclohexylammonium fumagillin; Leiter's Park Ave pharmacy, San Jose, CA) together with oral albendazole was given in 3 cases, oral albendazole alone in a single case, and broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment with topical norfloxacin or chloramphenicol in two cases. Two cases had keratic precipitates with mild cellular activity in the anterior chamber and one such case was restarted subsequently on topical steroids. All six cases showed resolution of epithelial keratitis but with residual visually inconsequential subepithelial scars by the end of 1 month of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis can occur more commonly than expected in healthy, nonimmunocompromised individuals. Topical steroids seem to contribute to the persistence of this infection and may be a predisposing factor in these cases by creating a localized immunocompromised state. The clinical course is variable and may be self-limiting with cessation of topical steroid use.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
20/71. cysticercosis isolated to the orbit.A 55-year-old woman who underwent orbital fat excision for cosmesis was incidentally found to have an isolated orbital cysticercus identified by histopathologic examination. The ensuing workup was negative for disseminated cysticercal infection and further treatment was deferred. Although uncommon, orbital cysticercosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of an asymptomatic orbital mass. Symptomatic orbital myocysticercosis has been effectively treated with albendazole at a dosage of 30 mg/kg for 15 days combined with simultaneous low-dose steroids.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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