1/9. Epstein-Barr virus-associated high-grade B-cell lymphoma of mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue in a 9-year-old Boy.We report an unusual case of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma involving the lungs, kidneys, and axillary lymph nodes in a child with congenital hypoadrenalism and panhypopituitarism. The patient presented with an aggressive clinical course and histologic evolution. Initial biopsies (1994) of the lung and kidney revealed histologic features of low-grade B-cell MALT lymphoma with lymphoepithelial lesions within the renal tubules and bronchial epithelium. Subsequent biopsies (1996, 1997, and 1999) revealed progressively greater cytologic atypia, polymorphism, and necrosis; an increased mitotic rate; and a preponderance of large cells, indicative of progression from a low-grade to a high-grade MALT lymphoma. immunophenotyping of the lung and lymph node lesions revealed identical surface marker profiles: cells were CD19( ), CD20( ), immunoglobulin (Ig) G( ), kappa( ), lambda(-), CD5(-), CD10(-), CD23(-), and IgM(-), and also negative for T-cell markers. Genotypic analysis demonstrated the presence of immunoglobulin heavy chain rearrangement and monoclonality of EBV in the lung lesion by Southern blot hybridization and polymerase chain re()action (PCR). The clinicopathologic features suggest that these lesions might represent an immunosupression-related continuum of low-grade to high-grade MALT lymphomas. infection with EBV may have contributed to this tumor's aggressive clinical and histologic evolution.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = hybridization (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/9. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-induced B-cell proliferative disorder after chemotherapy in a patient with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with associated EBV-induced T-cell proliferation.We report a case of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD) which developed after chemotherapy for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), who had no history of immunodeficiency or familial X-linked LPD. In HLH, the presence of EBV in T-cells was confirmed by a combination of in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunostaining. Southern blot analysis using EBV-TR and immunoglobulin JH probes revealed oligoclonal proliferation of B-cells in each organ involved by abnormal B-lymphoid cells at autopsy. Combined ISH and immunostaining disclosed the presence of EBV in proliferating B-cells. Cytokine analysis during the period of T-cell activation in HLH revealed marked elevation of interferon (IFN) gamma, interleukin (IL)-10 and soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and mild to moderate increases of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were observed, while IFN gamma, IL-10 and sIL-2R were elevated initially during the HLH phase, which then decreased as LPD developed and B-cell proliferation predominated. Immunosuppressive chemotherapy for HLH may then have allowed latent EBV in B lymphocytes to induce transformation and oligoclonal proliferation of B-cells, finally resulting in LPD. Mechanisms of EBV-induced cell proliferation remain unclear, but alteration of various cytokines may be responsible for it.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = hybridization (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/9. Follicular lymphoid hyperplasia of the oral cavity representing progressive transformation of germinal center.Follicular lymphoid hyperplasia (FLH) of the oral cavity is a rare and poorly understood lymphoproliferative disorder. We present a case of FLH of the oral cavity presenting with progressive transformation of germinal center (PTGC). The patient was a 49-year-old Japanese woman presenting with a hard mass in the right cheek. The resected specimen contained numerous lymphoid follicles with active germinal centers and a portion of the lymphoid follicles exhibited PTGC. The PTGCs contained a few large lymphoid cells resembling lymphocytic and histiocytic reed-sternberg cells of nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma. The PTGC was surrounded by groups of epithelioid cells. in situ hybridization studies demonstrated strong expression of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded small rna in scattered large lymphoid cells in the PTGC. Although the etiology of FLH of the oral cavity remains unclear, the present case suggests that a subset of FLH of the oral cavity appears to be an EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorder.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = hybridization (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/9. Human T-lymphotropic virus type I-associated benign transient immature T-cell lymphocytosis.We describe a case of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-associated transient benign immature T-cell lymphocytosis in a black female patient, which over the course of several months underwent spontaneous complete remission. The patient presented with a white blood cell count of 20,000/microliter and a T4/T8 ratio of 1.7:1. The majority of cells appeared to be lymphoid in origin, and cell marker analyses established that the circulating lymphocytes were predominantly immature T-cells. HTLV-I was detected at this time by a p19 indirect immunofluorescent slide assay. Over a 1-month period of time the patient's clinical status evolved into a mature T-lymphocytosis with a T4/T8 ratio of 4.5:1. HTLV-I was detected by anti-p19 immunofluorescence by cell sorter analyses and by dot-bloc nucleic acid hybridization. Serological testing demonstrated that the patient had anti-htlv-i antibodies and antimembrane antibodies specific for an HTLV-I producing cell line. In a competitive HTLV-I ELISA assay only HTLV-I proteins could effectively compete out the seroreactivity. The patient also had a high serum level of soluble interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptors, which is associated with HTLV-I infection. This is the first reported case of immature T-lymphocytosis in a patient infected with HTLV-I. The patient's HTLV-I markers disappeared with time, and her lymphocytosis subsequently spontaneously resolved. She remains disease free and virus negative after 2 years of follow-up study.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = hybridization (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/9. Isolation of a human papillomavirus from a patient with epidermodysplasia verruciformis: presence of related viral DNA genomes in human urogenital tumors.The DNA genome of a human papillomavirus (HPV), tentatively designated HPV-EV, was molecularly cloned from hand to leg lesions of a patient with epidermodysplasia verruciformis, a chronic skin disease associated with a 30% risk of developing cancer. Using stringent hybridization conditions, we observed less than 5% homology between HPV-EV and the cloned genomes of HPV-1, HPV-4, HPV-5, and HPV-5a. HPV-EV DNA showed approximately 6% homology with HPV-2 and 36% homology with HPV-3. These data suggest that HPV-EV is partially related to HPV-3. Using 32P-labeled cloned HPV-EV as probe in Southern blot hybridization experiments, we detected HPV-EV-related DNA in the carcinoma in situ (Bowenoid lesion) of the vulva of the patient from which HPV-EV was isolated. HPV-EV-related DNA was detected in 2 of 10 vulva carcinomas and in 2 of 31 cervical carcinomas. Related DNA sequences were found in papillomas from each of two patients with condyloma acuminata (anogenital warts), which is of interest considering that condylomas have been reported to convert occasionally to carcinomas. The positive vulva DNAs were also probed with other cloned HPV DNAs: HPV-1, HPV-4, and HPV-5a-related sequences were not detected; HPV-3 and HPV-2 dna probes detected strong and weak DNA bands, respectively, of the same size as found with HPV-EV. The HPV DNA sequences were present in the positive tumors mainly as free viral DNA molecules; no evidence for integration into cellular DNA was found. The emerging biological picture with papillomaviruses is that cells transformed by these viruses are maintained in a transformed state by free episomal genomes. Thus, our findings are consistent with the idea, but by no means establish, that HPVs play a role in human cancer by a similar mechanism.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = hybridization (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/9. philadelphia chromosome as the sole abnormality and p210 bcr-abl chimeric protein expression in an Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cell line from a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia.A 'B' cell line, originating from a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia and containing the philadelphia chromosome, was established after Epstein-Barr virus transformation. The philadelphia chromosome was the sole chromosomal abnormality in this line, designated as PhB1 cell line. In DNA hybridization studies we detected rearrangements in the bcr gene and in the immunoglobulin heavy chain joining region. The phenotypes of the cells were typical of mature B cells expressing antigens CD19, CD20, CD22, CD23, CD39, HLADR, IgM, and kappa. The expression of the 210 bcr-abl chimeric protein was detected by means of an immunoprecipitate assay.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = hybridization (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/9. Simultaneous progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent infection and cerebral parenchymal infiltration during chronic lymphocytic leukemia.We report a non-hiv patient who had B chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and diffuse cerebral leukemic parenchymal infiltration in the presence of jc virus and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) cerebral co-infection. Multiple subcortical hypodensities lining the cortico-subcortical junction were present within the white matter on computerized tomography (CT) scan, with large areas of high signal intensity on T2-weighted sequences on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). JCV DNA was identified in peripheral blood nuclear cells and cerebrospinal fluid polymerase chain reaction (PCR) DNA/DNA hybridization plus Southern blot analysis. Frontal stereotactic biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of PML by immunocytochemistry, in situ hybridization (ISH) with JC Enzo probe and electron microscopy. Leukemic B cells with the same phenotype as leukemic blood cells were disseminated in the demyelinated areas. They were labeled by anti-latent membrane protein and by BamHl W EBV probe after ISH. Adhesion and activation molecules were positive for CD23. autopsy showed diffuse visceral leukemic infiltration without acutization. EBV-transformed B lymphocytes would favour JCV penetration and/or intracerebral reactivation of previously latent JCV infection with further development of simultaneous PML and cerebral CLL infiltration in an immunosuppressed patient.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = hybridization (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/9. A nodal gamma/delta T-cell lymphoma with an association of Epstein-Barr virus.The postthymic gamma/delta T-cell lymphoma is rare, and most occur as extranodal tumors, e.g., in hepatosplenic or cutaneous forms. We here report an unusual nodal case that initially presented as a T-zone lymphoma. The neoplasm recurred as systemic lymphadenopathy 25 months after complete remission with terminal high-grade transformation. Phenotypic analysis showed CD1-, CD2 , CD3 , CD4-, CD5-, CD7 , CD8 , CD10-, CD16-, CD19-, CD20-, CD21-, CD25-, CD56-, CD57-, T-cell receptor (TCR) alpha/beta antigens negative, TCR gamma/delta antigens positive, and an HLA-DR phenotype. Cytogenetic studies showed clonal chromosomal translocations involving chromosomes 1, 5, 6, 8, 15, and X in eight of 15 cells; t(X;5;1)(q13;q13;p22) and t(6;15;8)(p22;q26;q13). Genotypic analysis showed the same clone, characterized by the TCR gamma-chain gene rearrangement pattern, to be present in both initial and recurrent tumors. The lymphoma cells were also demonstrated to express the latent membrane protein-1 by immunohistochemistry and EBV-encoded small RNAs by in situ hybridization. Southern blot analysis using the probe of the terminal repeat demonstrated incorporation of multiple copies of EBV in the recurrent tumor. However, the initial lesion, which contained a smaller number of EBV-positive cells, showed no such evidence of clonal proliferation. These data suggest that EBV may be associated with high-grade transformation, although its exact role in lymphomagenesis remains uncertain. The present study also adds to our understanding of the clinicopathologic spectrum of gamma/delta T-cell neoplasia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = hybridization (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/9. Implication of the Epstein-Barr virus in the progression of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma to Hodgkin-like lymphomas.Low grade CLL/SLL can evolve to a spectrum of various morphologic higher grade malignancies showing Reed-Sternberg like cells. The evolution towards Hodgkin's disease is rare but frequently associated with the presence of scattered RSL cells within the small lymphocyte proliferation of the CLL/SLL. The evolution towards a Richter's syndrome is more frequent and it can exhibit CD30 positive Reed-Sternberg like cells. In these Richter's syndrome cases, regarding the morphology and the phenotype, it seems likely that there is a spectrum of lesions between true HD and large cell NHL. In the present study, the authors report two cases of transformation of CLL/SLL in non immuno-suppressed patients; one evolved to a morphological and immunohistochemical Hodgkin's disease and the second to a NHL (Richter's syndrome) with numerous Reed-Sternberg like cells. In both cases, EBV has been detected within RSL cells by immunohistochemistry and in-situ hybridization (ISH). So, the role of EBV is suggested in that kind of transformation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = hybridization (Clic here for more details about this article) |