1/43. Calcified chronic subdural hematoma: case report.Calcified or ossified chronic subdural hematoma is a rare entity that usually presents as a space-occupying lesion over the cerebral convexity. We report a case of calcified and ossified chronic subdural hematoma in an unusual location that has not been previously reported. A 24-year-old man with a history of tonic-clonic convulsions since 7 months of age was admitted because of increasing frequency and duration of seizures. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a fusiform extra-axial lesion just above the tentorium and adjacent to the cerebral falx. A calcified and ossified chronic subdural hematoma was noted and was almost completely removed by craniotomy. Better seizure control was achieved by removal of the calcified chronic subdural hematoma. Calcified subdural hematoma, calcified epidural hematoma, calcified empyema, meningioma, calcified arachnoid cyst, and calcified convexity of the dura mater with acute epidural hematoma should be considered for the differential diagnosis of an extra-axial calcified lesion.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = subdural (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/43. Conservative management of a case of placenta praevia percreta.Pregnancies complicated by placenta praevia and a history of caesarean section are associated with increased risk of placenta percreta (1). placenta praevia percreta sometimes involves the bladder or other pelvic organ, invasion leading to genital bleeding or haematuria (2, 3). Bladder injury or uncontrollable profuse haemorrhage occasionally occurs in such patients during surgery. Examination of placental invasion is necessary as this clinical condition is severe. Treatment of placental myometrium invasion is required to prevent uncontrollable profuse haemorrhage during surgery. We present a multiparous patient who was diagnosed prenatally with placenta praevia percreta using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and who was treated conservatively with a good prognosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.0017474290497023keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/43. Symptomatic calcified subdural hematomas.Two unique cases of chronic calcified subdural hematomas are reported in children as a long-term complication of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Both the patients had undergone shunt procedures in infancy for congenital hydrocephalus. In one patient, the cause of the hydrocephalus was aqueduct stenosis, while in the second patient, a lumbar meningomyelocele was associated with hydrocephalus. In both these patients, a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was done in infancy. In one of them, following the shunt surgery, a bilateral subdural collection was noticed which required burr hole evacuation. Both the patients remained asymptomatic for 9 years, when they presented to our center with acute raised intracranial pressure and contralateral hemiparesis. Both the patients had a relatively short history and had altered sensorium at admission. Surprisingly, in both the patients, the CT scan showed significant mass effect producing calcified subdural hematomas. The shunt systems were found to be working well at surgery. craniotomy and excision of the calcified subdural hematomas was undertaken. Postoperatively, the patients showed satisfactory recovery, and at discharge the patients were doing well. At the follow-up at the outpatient clinic, the patients were asymptomatic.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.88888888888889keywords = subdural (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/43. Postpartum follow-up of hepatic calcification detected by prenatal ultrasound.The causes of parenchymal hepatic calcification are mostly transplacental infection of TORCH complex, ischaemic necrosis, or tumours of foetal liver including haemangioma, hamartoma, teratoma, hepatoma, and hemangioendothelioma. Vascular pathologies like hepatic artery aneurysm, haematoma, calcified thromboemboli of portal vein and hepatic veins can also cause hepatic calcification. We present a case of hepatic calcification which was first diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound. In the postpartum follow-up, we observed that the calcifications had decreased in number and size. The causes and results of hepatic calcification or underlying disease are discussed with analysis of the literature.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.03027083547528keywords = haematoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/43. Organized chronic subdural hematoma requiring craniotomy--five case reports.Two child and three elderly patients underwent craniotomy for organized and/or partially calcified chronic subdural hematomas (CSHs). The characteristic feature of magnetic resonance imaging was a heterogeneous web-like structure in the hematoma cavity. Both children had undergone one side subduroperitoneal shunt for bilateral CSHs when infants. As a result, the opposite hematoma cavities persisted and developed into calcified CSHs after a couple of years. All three elderly patients with senile brain atrophy showed various systemic complications such as cerebral infarction, diabetes mellitus, leg ulceration, cirrhosis, and bleeding tendency. craniotomy for removal of the hematoma and calcification achieved good results in all patients. subdural space created by shunt, craniotomy, or brain atrophy and persisting for a certain period, and additional various brain damage such as microcirculatory disorder, meningitis, encephalitis, or premature delivery may be important in generating calcified or organized CSH.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.55555555555556keywords = subdural (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/43. Renal venous thrombosis with calcification and preservation of renal function.Two neonates were found on US to have branching linear calcification in the renal parenchyma, right sided in one and bilateral in the other. CT confirmed the presence of branching calcification in the kidneys and demonstrated calcified thrombus in the inferior vena cava in both babies. Antenatal detection of adrenal haemorrhage in one baby and presence of calcification at the age of 3 days in the other indicate that thrombosis probably occurred before birth. The kidneys remained normal in size, and uptake of 99mTc-labelled dimercaptosuccinic acid (99mTc-DMSA) was normal on follow-up examination. The presence of branching calcification and normal renal size probably indicates good prognosis for renal function in neonates in whom renal venous thrombosis is found and may indicate prenatal thrombosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.00087371452485115keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/43. Case of the month. Symptomatic chronic calcified subdural hematoma in a 5-year-old child.head trauma is a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. The pathophysiology and clinical outcomes of head trauma differ between children and adults. Traumatic mass lesions such as subdural and epidural hematomas occur less frequently in children and, when present, are associated with lower mortality. Subdural hematoma is the collection of blood on the cortical surface beneath the dura with bleeding from bridging veins or cortical arteries. These hematomas are usually associated with trauma. Chronic subdural hematomas are much more common in infants and frequently exist as a single entity; it is rare for chronic subdural fluid accumulations to occur after one year of age. Specific traumatic events are usually unrecognized or unreported. In rare instances, subdural hematoma may indicate an underlying bleeding disorder, hematological malignancy or benign expansion of subarachnoid space. We report the dramatic presentation of a strikingly large calcified chronic subdural hematoma in a 5-year-old with increased intracranial pressure and subfalcine herniation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = subdural (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/43. Calcified vestibular schwannoma with unusual histological characteristics - positive immunoreactivity for CD-34 antigen.Calcification in vestibular schwannoma is extremely rare. A 36-year-old man presented with a history of decreased hearing on the left since childhood. Computed tomography showed a left cerebellopontine angle lesion protruding into the porus acousticus and enlarging the internal auditory meatus, with significant deposits of calcification. Histological and immunohistochemical examination, including staining for CD-34, a myeloid progenitor cell antigen, found highly degenerated schwannoma with collagen-rich tissue, calcification, formation of bone, abnormal vessels of various sizes, and old haemorrhage with marked haemosiderin-laden macrophages. Most of the surgical specimen was sclerotic collagenous tissue containing sparse spindle-shaped cells which formed approximately 90% of the total specimen. However, the spindle-shaped cells were partly concentrated into islands forming the cellular part (approximately 10% of the total). The spindle-shaped cells in both parts showed almost typical immunohistochemical characteristics of schwannoma. However, many spindle-shaped cells in only the sclerotic part were positive for CD-34, which is widely used for the diagnosis of solitary fibrous tumours. cerebellopontine angle tumour showing fibromatous tissue, including calcification, may contain foci of typical schwannoma. Careful histological examination with detailed immunohistochemical staining is required for the correct diagnosis. In particular, spindle-shaped cells occasionally show positive immunoreactivity for CD-34 antigen in the areas of degenerated and calcified schwannoma characteristic of our case.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.00087371452485115keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/43. Arachnoid calcification producing spinal cord compression.A case of spinal cord compression, presumed to be due to a calcification in the arachnoid, is presented. Its relationship to a previous spinal subarachnoid haemorrhage is mentioned. The literature is reviewed and the relationship of this condition to spinal subarachnoid haemorrhage, previous myelogram, and spinal anaesthetic is stressed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.0017474290497023keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/43. High-field magnetic resonance image of a huge calcified chronic subdural haematoma, so-called "armoured brain".Calcification of chronic subdural haematoma is called "armoured brain" when it covers most of the cortical surface. We report high-field magnetic resonance images of the armoured brain, and discuss the relationship between operative findings, computer assisted tomographic (CT) findings and the change in relaxation time on magnetic resonance images. In our case, low, iso, and high density layers were detected on computer assisted tomography. The change in relaxation time of a liquefied haematoma showed good agreement with chronological change in intracerebral haematoma, and the material was easily detected on magnetic resonance images. But with a grainy and mud-like haematoma, the change in relaxation time did not coincide with the state of the intracerebral haematoma. It is generally said that in the detection of a calcified mass, computer assisted tomography is superior to magnetic resonance images and this was also true in the present case. While there are a few reports on computer assisted tomographic findings for the armoured brain, this is probably the first report on high-field (1.5T) magnetic resonance imaging of the armoured brain.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.4812010686264keywords = subdural haematoma, subdural, haematoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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