1/29. Solitary keratoacanthoma of the nipple in a male. Case report.A heretofore undescribed localization for solitary keratoacanthoma, namely the skin of the nipple, is reported. The tumor developed in a 69-year-old man who had suffered a trauma in the thorax near the left nipple 5 months before. A possible origin in mammary ducts, considering the breast as a modified sweat gland, is discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/29. Muscular hamartoma of the breast: a rare breast lesion containing smooth muscle.hamartoma of the breast is an uncommon entity, usually presenting as a well-demarcated breast mass. Microscopically, the lesion is composed of mammary glandular component, fibrous stroma, adipose tissue, and smooth muscle in variable proportions. Among the variants of breast hamartoma, muscular hamartoma is rare. This lesion should be differentiated from other breast tumors that contain smooth muscle element. We report a breast lesion of a 36-year-old woman diagnosed as a muscular hamartoma in which the muscular component is cellular and some mitotic figures are present. The criteria to distinguish between benign and malignant smooth muscle lesions in the breast, emphasizing mitotic count, are also discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/29. Giant mammary hamartoma diagnosed by stereomicroscopic analysis of the mammary glandular tree in an adolescent girl: report of a case.This report describes a rare case of a giant hamartoma that developed in the right breast of a 17-year-old girl. No abnormalities were found by endocrinological studies and a well-circumscribed tumor, approximately 20 cm in diameter, was easily enucleated without bleeding during surgery, following which the bilateral breasts became nearly symmetrical. Histologic features revealed predominant fibrous stroma and scattered normal or occasionally dysplastic mammary glands without neoplastic properties. No distorted lobular structures indicating fibroadenoma characteristics were observed. Subgross and stereomicroscopic analysis of serial 2-mm-thick sections revealed mature normal lobules and predominant fibrous interstitial components. Therefore, the tumor was diagnosed as a giant hamartoma of the breast, according to the histologically non-neoplastic features and the delimited macroscopic appearance. This is a rare mammary gland disease characterized by the fact that although each of the histological components seemed to be normal, their constitution was abnormal. It appears that not only histological features but also clinical details are indispensable for the diagnosis of this disease.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 6keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/29. Mammary involvement in a patient with sarcoidosis.sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. sarcoidosis affects multiple organs; the lungs, lymphoid system, eyes and skin are usually involved. Commonly, any organ system may be affected. Sarcoid involvement in the nervous system, locomotor system, lacrimal and salivary glands, heart, kidney and liver has been recognized in patients with sarcoidosis. However, sarcoid involvement of the breast parenchyma has been extremely rare in patients with sarcoidosis. Herein, we report a patient with a sarcoid breast mass who had bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy and lymphocytosis in bronchoalveolar lavage analysis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/29. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (inflammatory pseudotumour) of the breast. Clinicopathological and genetic analysis of a case with evidence for clonality.Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours (IMTs) were initially considered to be benign reactive processes, but cases with an unfavourable outcome have been reported. Moreover, clonal genetic alterations have recently been published in some cases, suggesting that IMT may represent a malignant neoplastic entity. This paper reports a case of IMT that developed in the mammary gland, an unusual site. The histological picture was characterized by a proliferation of spindle cells with little cellular atypia and rare mitoses, associated with a polymorphous inflammatory infiltrate. Their immunophenotype, characterized by the expression of vimentin, smooth muscle actin, and cytokeratins, corresponded to that of myofibroblasts. cytogenetic analysis revealed the clonal nature of the lesion. The modal karyotype was 48, X, ins(2;X)(q34;p21.2p22.2), 7, del(9)(p23), 19. Including the present observation, a 9p deletion has now been found in three cases of IMT. These observations show that IMT may be a clonal neoplasm, even in sites different from deep soft tissues.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/29. pathology of the breast associated with hiv/AIDS.Breast pathology that is characteristic of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) has not been addressed in the literature. hiv may directly and indirectly affect the glandular, mesenchymal, and intramammary lymphoid tissue in seropositive patients. Likely infections in this setting include tuberculous mastitis and pyogenic abscesses that may lead to fatal septicemia. Benign stromal changes include gynecomastia, adipose tissue deposition as part of the fat maldistribution syndrome, and pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia. Breast carcinoma in hiv-infected patients occurs at a relatively early age, with increased bilateral disease, unusual histology, and early metastatic spread with a poor outcome. However, the link between breast cancer and hiv remains controversial. Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma may also be localized to the breast in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This article reviews benign and malignant breast diseases that are likely to be encountered in patients with hiv/AIDS.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/29. Nodular myofibroblastic stromal hyperplasia of the mammary gland as an accurate name for pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia of the mammary gland.Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) of the mammary gland is a well-known benign localized form of stromal overgrowth with probable hormonal etiology. We describe the histologic findings and immunohistochemistry of two cases. Two women, 16 and 58 years old, presented with a breast mass and underwent surgical excision. Grossly, they consisted of a well-circumscribed, rubbery tissue with a solid white-tan homogeneous cut surface. One of the cases showed focal cystic areas. Histologically the lesion showed a proliferation of the collagenous stroma with varying degrees of density, and hyalinization with many pseudovascular slit-like anastomosing spaces lined by spindle cells with scant cytoplasm and bland chromatin. The spindle cells lining the spaces were strongly reactive for vimentin and weakly reactive for CD34, actin, and desmin. They were negative for factor viii, S-100, and pankeratin. In PASH, the "pseudoangiomatous" term describes a recognizable pattern but does not describe the tumor's histologic nature. We propose the name nodular myofibroblastic hyperplasia of the mammary stroma as a more accurate name.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 9keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/29. Low grade marginal zone B cell lymphoma of the breast associated with localised amyloidosis and corpora amylacea in a woman with long standing primary Sjogren's syndrome.Primary low grade marginal zone B cell lymphoma (MZL) of the breast and localised mammary amyloidosis are exceedingly rare entities. This report describes the case of a woman with long standing sjogren's syndrome presenting with asymptomatic MZL of the breast showing plasmacytic differentiation, associated with local ductular amyloidosis. The lesion was discovered incidentally in breast tissue resected for microcalcifications. immunohistochemistry revealed kappa light chain restriction, supporting the neoplastic nature of the infiltrate. A retrospective molecular study of the salivary gland biopsy showed a B cell clone. This is the first report of the association of human mammary ductular amyloidosis with cartwheel shaped material identical to corpora amylacea, usually seen in brain, lung, and prostate, but unknown in the human breast. The excellent outcome without treatment seen in this patient further emphasises the need to distinguish between MZL with plasmacytic differentiation and extramedullary plasmacytoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/29. MRI in insulin-dependent diabetic mastopathy. A case report.A case of diabetic mastopathy studied with MR-mammography is described. It concerns a female patient with long-lasting (10-years) insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. A non-tender, palpable firm-to hard mass of the left breast was found and studied with mammography, ultrasonography and MR-mammography. Surgical excision of the mass was performed. The mammogram revealed dense fibroglandular tissue bilaterally. ultrasonography showed hypoechoic solid tissue in the region of palpable breast mass with marked posterior acoustic shadowing. MR-mammography showed a hypointense area of fibrosis with poor enhancement. Quantitative analysis revealed a typically benign gradual type dynamic curve. MR-mammography can be useful to differentiate diabetic mastopathy from malignant lesions. In women with diabetic mastopathy MR-mammography, clinical examination and careful follow-up may prevent surgical excision.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/29. A developmental anomaly of the mammary glands - gigantomastia. A case report.Developmental anomalies of the breast are frequently observed in women. The most serious pathology is gigantomastia. This type of breast hypertrophy may be caused by hypersensitivity of the breast oestrogen and progesterone receptors, by disturbances of the normal balance of oestrogen and androgen hormones, by hyperthyroidism or by hormonal activity of the neoplasm. In most cases gigantomastia produces pathological changes in the vertebral column which become manifest as discopathia, scoliosis or scoliokyphosis. A case of gigantomastia treated with surgery is presented and the effect of plastic operation is demonstrated. Surgery may be recommended as an excellent therapeutic treatment of gigantomastia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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