1/34. Exfoliative cytology of a lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma in a cervical smear. A case report.BACKGROUND: Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the cervix (LELC) is cytologically identical to its counterparts at other sites, such as the nasopharynx. LELC can be suspected on a cervical cytologic smear. The differential diagnosis includes nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma with prominent stromal inflammation, carcinoma with intense stromal eosinophilia, glassy cell carcinoma, malignant lymphoma (especially lymphoepitheloid-Lennerts lymphoma) and metastatic Schmincke-Regaud tumor. CASE: A 55-year-old female presented with an ulcerated endophytic tumor in the cervix. Exfoliative cytology showed uniform, large tumor cells, often associated with inflammatory cells, with round or oval nuclei and one or more prominent nucleoli. The cytoplasm was finely granular to flocculent, and the nuclei were uniformly vesicular. The chromatin was peripherally marginated. The cell borders were indistinct. There was no evidence of dyskeratotic or keratinized cells, koilocytes or glandlike formations. These findings were highly suspicious for LELC and were confirmed by biopsy. flow cytometry showed DNA aneuploidy, with a DNA index of 1.08. in situ hybridization was negative for human papillomavirus 16 and 18. CONCLUSION: LELC of the uterine cervix has cytologic features that are sufficiently characteristic for a specific cytologic diagnosis. The diagnosis, nevertheless, has to be proven by histology.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = hybridization (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/34. An unusual cervical carcinoma showing exception to epitheliotropism of human papillomavirus.Human papillomaviruses (HPV) infect epithelial tissues but have not been previously detected within mesenchymal cells. During a systematic investigation of FIGO stage Ib cervical cancers with colorimetric in situ hybridization, we detected HPV 16 DNA within the stromal compartment of an unusual undifferentiated carcinoma. The mesenchymal nature of the HPV-containing cells was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. No viral particles were identified. Sequencing the majority of the HPV 16 genome identified few changes from the revised reference clone; all previously reported in other HPV 16 variants. These viral changes are unlikely to explain the exceptional mesenchymal localization of the HPV 16 DNA in this case.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = hybridization (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/34. HPV in situ hybridization with catalyzed signal amplification and polymerase chain reaction in establishing cerebellar metastasis of a cervical carcinoma.We report an unusual case of cerebellar metastasis from a cervical adenosquamous carcinoma in which molecular techniques assisted in establishing the correct diagnosis. The patient was a 43-year-old woman with surgically unresectable cervical carcinoma diagnosed 2 years before presenting with neurological symptoms. A magnetic resonance imaging scan showed a large, enhancing cerebellar lesion with significant brain stem compression. The excised cerebellar tumor resembled a small cell carcinoma and was initially not thought to be a metastasis from the cervical adenosquamous carcinoma. in situ hybridization with catalyzed signal amplification and polymerase chain reactions with primers specific for human papilloma virus (HPV) types 16 and 18 were used to determine the relationship between the cervical and the cerebellar neoplasms. A positive signal was present in the nuclei of both neoplasms by in situ hybridization using HPV16/18 dna probes. Polymerase chain reaction revealed the presence of HPV-18 DNA sequences in the cervical and cerebellar neoplasms confirming that the cerebellar neoplasm was a metastasis from the cervical primary.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 6keywords = hybridization (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/34. Cervical adenoid cystic carcinoma coexisting with multiple human papillomavirus-associated genital lesions. A common etiology?Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the uterine cervix is a rare tumor with unknown etiology. We report a case of adenoid cystic carcinoma occurring in a young woman, associated with multiple human papillomavirus (HPV)-related lesions including condyloma acuminata, vulvar intraepithelial neoplasm, cervical intraepithelial neoplasm and invasive basaloid squamous cell carcinoma. While adenoid cystic carcinoma has previously been found to coexist with squamous cell carcinoma or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, its association with such a variety of HPV-related lesions in our case has not been previously reported, and raises the speculation that HPV may also be the causative factor for adenoid cystic carcinoma. However, in situ DNA hybridization and polymerase chain reaction in our current study failed to demonstrate the existence of HPV DNA in adenoid cystic carcinoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = hybridization (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/34. Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the uterine cervix: a case report studied by in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction for Epstein-Barr virus.Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas have been reported outside the nasopharynx in many sites, including the uterine cervix. The association with the Epstein-Barr virus in the latter site is still controversial. To date, Epstein-Barr virus genome has only been demonstrated in Asian patients. We report a case of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the uterine cervix in a white woman in whom the Epstein-Barr virus infection was tested for by in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction. The results of both techniques were negative. Our case and a review of the literature support the contention that cervical lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma is not associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection in non-Asian patients.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = hybridization (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/34. p53 intronic point mutation, aberrant splicing and telomeric associations in a case of B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.We report a case of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) with telomeric associations and a p53 intronic point mutation. Karyotypic analysis revealed clonal and non-clonal telomeric associations, accompanied by clonal cytogenetic abnormalities and also in isolation. The p53 mutation, which occurred at the invariant base pair -2 of the splice acceptor site in intron 7 resulted in the abolition of correct splicing of exon 7 to exon 8. Multiple aberrant splice products were characterized, all of which differed from wildtype in the DNA binding domain. fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrated that the clone retained two copies of the p53 gene and wild-type p53 transcript was detected on cloning of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) product, indicating that one wild-type allele remained. However, a plasmid clone with correct splicing at the exon 7/8 boundary, but with a 21 bp deletion in exon 8, was also found at low frequency. This finding indicates clonal evolution, resulting in complete loss of wild-type p53. The intronic point mutation was not present in DNA extracted from cervical tissue indicating that it was a leukaemic phenomenon. This is the first case of an intronic point mutation to be reported in CLL. This mutation led to chaotic p53 expression and, interestingly, occurred in a case showing telomeric associations, a rare phenomenon in B-CLL.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = hybridization (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/34. Utilization of the human genome sequence localizes human papillomavirus type 16 DNA integrated into the TNFAIP2 gene in a fatal cervical cancer from a 39-year-old woman.PURPOSE: The purpose of our study was to characterize a human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 DNA integration in the genome of a rapidly progressive, lethal cervical cancer in a 39-year-old woman. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: An HPV 16 integration site from cervical cancer tissue was cloned and analyzed using Southern blot hybridization, nucleotide sequencing, fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis for chromosomal localization and comparison with the draft human genome sequence. RESULTS: HPV 16 DNA (3826 bp) was integrated into the genome of the tumor sample and contained an intact upstream regulatory region and E6 and E7 open reading frames. Both 5' and 3' viral-cell junction regions contained direct repeat and palindrome sequences. The chromosomal location of the viral integration and cellular deletion was mapped to chromosome 14q32.3 using both a somatic cell hybrid panel and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Search of the draft human genome sequence confirmed the chromosomal location and revealed a disruption of the TNFAIP2 cytokine/retinoic acid-inducible gene. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of the lack of sequence homology between the viral and cellular site of integration and the structure of the viral-cell junctions, it seems that HPV 16 DNA integrates into the host genome by a mechanism of nonhomologous recombination. We suggest that, taken together, maintenance of E6 and E7 expression, loss of the E2 gene and disruption of the TNFAIP2 gene through viral integration contributed to the rapid progression of cervical cancer in this patient. Availability of the human genome sequence will facilitate identification of cellular genes involved in cervical cancer by high-throughput analysis of viral integration sites.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3keywords = hybridization (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/34. Metastatic endocervical adenocarcinoma presenting as a virilizing ovarian mass during pregnancy.BACKGROUND: We report a case of metastatic endocervical adenocarcinoma that presented as a virilizing ovarian mass in a young pregnant woman and simulated a primary ovarian endometrioid tumor. CASE: A 34-year-old woman underwent cesarean delivery and right salpingo-oophorectomy at 34 weeks' gestation for a 32-cm androgen-producing ovarian mass. The ovarian tumor, initially interpreted as a primary ovarian endometrioid carcinoma, was demonstrated to represent metastatic endocervical endometrioid adenocarcinoma based on detection of human papillomavirus 16 (HPV-16) deoxyribonucleic acid in the tumor by in situ hybridization. The hysterectomy specimen demonstrated an endocervical adenocarcinoma associated with adenocarcinoma in situ that also contained HPV-16. CONCLUSION: Human papillomavirus is considered an etiological agent in the development of endocervical adenocarcinomas, having been demonstrated in greater than 90% of tumors. In contrast, recent studies have concluded that HPV is unlikely to play an etiological role in ovarian neoplasia. The demonstration of HPV-16 in both the endocervical and ovarian carcinomas in this patient supports the interpretation that the ovarian tumor is a metastasis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = hybridization (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/34. HPV 16 DNA in autopsy material of a metastatic cervical carcinoma.Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA has been regularly detected in primary cervical carcinomas and in some metastatic lesions. Using Southern blot hybridization on autopsy material we found HPV 16 DNA in a primary cervical carcinoma and in multiple metastases therefrom.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = hybridization (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/34. Detection of Epstein-Barr virus DNA from a lymphoma-like lesion of the uterine cervix.The case of a 60-year-old woman in whom a lymphoma-like lesion of the cervix was found during an episode of silent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is presented. Fractional curettage was performed because of abnormal endometrial smear. The endocervical curettage specimens were diagnosed as highly suggestive of malignant lymphoma, but microscopic examination of a subsequent hysterectomy specimen revealed a benign lymphoid hyperplasia. Those were retrospectively interpreted as a lymphoma-like lesion of the cervix. In the absence of clinical symptoms of infectious mononucleosis, the results of serologic tests for EBV revealed an active EBV infection. EBV DNA was demonstrated in nuclei of large lymphoid cells in endocervical curettage specimens by in situ hybridization. She is alive and well 32 months postoperatively. When female patients with lymphoma-like lesions of the lower genital tract are encountered, examinations for EBV are recommended.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = hybridization (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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