1/10. Hepatic hydatid cysts with biliary, and peritoneal rupture and transdiaphragmatic migration.Hydatid disease is a parasitic infection that most commonly involves the liver. Imaging plays a vital role in the diagnosis of this disease. rupture of the cyst can give rise to a wide spectrum of complications. We describe a case of hepatic hydatid cyst with rupture into the biliary tree, right pleural cavity and dissemination into the peritoneal cavity, with associated splenic hydatid cysts. MRI may be a useful non-invasive diagnostic tool in such disseminated cases to define the complete extent of the disease.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = tree (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/10. fibrin glue application through the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope: closure of bronchopleural fistulas.Closure of bronchopleural fistulas can be accomplished by applying fibrin glue through a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope. The advantages of this method include the avoidance of general anesthesia and thoracotomy and the excellent extended access to the bronchial tree provided by the flexible bronchoscope.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = tree (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/10. Biliopleural fistula as a complication of percutaneous biliary drainage: experimental evidence for pleural inflammation.We describe 3 patients in whom biliopleural fistulae complicated percutaneous biliary drainage. All patients had complete obstruction of their biliary tree because of malignancy. Biliopleural fistulae developed as a complication of inadvertent catheter removal in 2 patients and of catheter dysfunction in the third. Early reinstitution of biliary drainage and successful drainage of the pleural space led to complete recovery in all patients. An animal model to evaluate the effects of bile in the pleural space in normal rabbits revealed rapid absorption of bilirubin, the production of a polymorphonuclear-predominant exudative effusion with extremely high LDH levels, and resolution with a macrophage influx. We conclude that biliopleural fistulae are heterogeneous in their presentation, depending upon the persistence of biliary drainage into the pleural space, the volume of exudative effusion, and the presence of suppurative complications.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = tree (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/10. Enterobronchial fistula.An unusual case of a fistula originating from the jejunum and crossing the diaphragm to involve the pleura and bronchial tree is presented. The presence of the fistula was first suggested on a computed tomographic examination of the chest. An upper gastrointestinal series verified the origin of the fistula.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = tree (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/10. Pleuropulmonary necrobiotic rheumatoid nodules. A review and clinicopathological study of six patients.Pleuropulmonary rheumatoid nodules were diagnosed histologically in six patients of whom five were known to have rheumatoid arthritis; the pulmonary lesion preceded the development of arthritis in the sixth patient. Pulmonary lesions are commonly found in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. These lesions are either non-specific (effusions, pleurisy, fibrosis, arteritis and obliterative bronchiolitis) or the specific necrobiotic nodules that constitute Caplan's syndrome in association with pneumoconiosis. The necrobiotic nodules are usually pleural or subpleural and rarely occur in the bronchial tree. Pulmonary necrobiotic nodules can appear before, coincident with, or after the onset of arthritis. It is essential to distinguish these lesions from infections or neoplasia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = tree (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/10. Iatrogenic bronchopleural fistula caused by feeding tube insertion.Nutritional supplements administered through flexible small caliber feeding tubes are an increasingly popular substitute for parenteral hyperalimentation. Small and large caliber nasogastric tubes can inadvertently pass into the tracheobronchial tree, even in the presence of an endotracheal tube with an inflated cuff. We report three patients who had small caliber feeding tubes passed through the tracheobronchial tree perforating into the pleural space. Potential complications include immediate or delayed pneumothorax, tension pneumothorax, hydropneumothorax, and empyema. Prompt post-insertion chest radiography is required to verify correct placement of small caliber feeding tubes.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = tree (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/10. Massive hemoptysis associated with foreign body removal.Exsanguinating hemoptysis accompanied removal of an endobronchial foreign body in a 12-year-old child. Preparations to treat this complication should be made prior to removal of any foreign body of prolonged sojourn in the tracheobronchial tree.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = tree (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/10. Demonstration of a bronchopleural communication by inhalation of Kr-81m gas.Suspicion of a persisting communication between the bronchial tree and the pleural space in a patient with surgically drained pneumothorax was confirmed by the inhalation of Kr-81m gas. Compared to other diagnostic methods, this technique is harmless and repeatable, and hence very convenient for the assessment and follow-up of persisting pneumothorax due to air-leaks and of bronchopleural fistulas of any cause.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = tree (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/10. Internal fistula formation: an unusual complication of mycetoma.This paper reports 2 hitherto undescribed complications of mycetoma, urinary extravasation and expectoration of mycetoma grains due to cutaneo-urethral and cutaneo-pleuro-bronchial fistulae, respectively. The first patient had an infection with Actinomadura madurae which started in the foot and had spread progressively to involve the whole limb, anterior abdominal wall, perineum and urethra. The second patient had madurella mycetomatis infection of the hand and, in spite of extensive treatment, the infection had spread to the axilla, chest wall, lung and bronchial tree. Both patients died of the sequelae of these complications. The pathogenesis of these unusual complications is discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = tree (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/10. New method for detection of a bronchopleural fistula: direct instillation of Tc-99m DTPA into the pleural space via a thoracostomy tube.A 65-year-old man who had undergone a right upper lobectomy for squamous cell carcinoma developed a persistent air space in the right superior thorax. Because a bronchopleural fistula was suspected, a new technique to demonstrate the fistula was used. Five mCi of Tc-99m DTPA was instilled through a pigtail catheter into the cavity. Radiotracer activity extended into the remaining right bronchial tree, trachea, and left bronchial tree on the 10 minute delayed image confirming the presence of a bronchopleural fistula. Using bronchoscopic guidance, the fistula was sealed with a fibrin plug. A repeat examination 4 days later revealed no extension of tracer from the cavity up to 60 minutes after instillation, indicating successful sealing of the fistula. This technique offers a rapid, inexpensive, and portable diagnosis of bronchopleural fistula.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = tree (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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