Cases reported "Kidney Failure, Chronic"

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1/189. Acute torsion of the renal transplant after combined kidney-pancreas transplant.

    BACKGROUND: Surgical complications after combined kidney and pancreas transplantation are a major source of morbidity and mortality. Complications related to the pancreas occur with greater frequency as compared to renal complications. The occurrence in our practice of two cases of renal infarction resulting from torsion about the vascular pedicle led to our retrospective review of similar vascular complications after combined kidney and pancreas transplantation. methods: charts were reviewed retrospectively, and two patients were identified who experienced torsion about the vascular pedicle of an intra-abdominally placed renal allograft. RESULTS: Two patients who had received combined intraperitoneal kidney and pancreas transplantation presented at 16 and 11 months after transplant, respectively, with abdominal pain and decreased urine output. One patient had radiological documentation of abnormal rotation before the graft loss; unfortunately, the significance of this finding was missed. Diagnosis was made in both patients at laparotomy, where the kidneys were infarcted secondary to torsion of the vascular pedicle. Both patients underwent transplant nephrectomy and subsequently received a successful second cadaveric renal transplant. CONCLUSIONS: The mechanism of this complication is a result of the intra-abdominal placement of the kidney, length of the vascular pedicle, excess ureteral length, and paucity of adhesions secondary to steroid administration. These factors contribute to abnormal mobility of the kidney. Technical modifications such as minimizing excess ureteral length and nephropexy may help to avoid this complication.
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2/189. Epidural hematoma following epidural catheter placement in a patient with chronic renal failure.

    PURPOSE: We report a case of epidural hematoma in a surgical patient with chronic renal failure who received an epidural catheter for postoperative analgesia. Symptoms of epidural hematoma occurred about 60 hr after epidural catheter placement. CLINICAL FEATURES: A 58-yr-old woman with a history of chronic renal failure was admitted for elective abdominal cancer surgery. Preoperative laboratory values revealed anemia, hematocrit 26%, and normal platelet, PT and PTT values. General anesthesia was administered for surgery, along with epidural catheter placement for postoperative analgesia. Following uneventful surgery, the patient completed an uneventful postoperative course for 48 hr. Then, the onset of severe low back pain, accompanied by motor and sensory deficits in the lower extremities, alerted the anesthesia team to the development of an epidural hematoma extending from T12 to L2 with spinal cord compression. Emergency decompressive laminectomy resulted in recovery of moderate neurologic function. CONCLUSIONS: We report the first case of epidural hematoma formation in a surgical patient with chronic renal failure (CRF) and epidural postoperative analgesia. The only risk factor for the development of epidural hematoma was a history of CRF High-risk patients should be monitored closely for early signs of cord compression such as severe back pain, motor or sensory deficits. An opioid or opioid/local anesthetic epidural solution, rather than local anesthetic infusion alone, may allow continuous monitoring of neurological function and be a prudent choice in high-risk patients. If spinal hematoma is suspected, immediate MRI or CT scan should be done and decompressive laminectomy performed without delay.
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ranking = 0.33692562336351
keywords = back pain
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3/189. Severe hyperparathyroidism with hypercalcemia associated with chronic renal failure at pre-dialysis stage.

    We report a case of a 23-year-old Japanese woman who had severe hyperparathyroidism associated with chronic renal failure before the start of dialysis treatment. Her chief complaints were swelling and pain in both shoulders. Laboratory examination revealed renal failure (BUN 134 mg/dl, serum Cr 7.3 mg/dl), severe normocytic normochromic anemia (hemoglobin 4.3 g/dl), hypercalcemia (11.8 mg/dl), and hyperphosphatemia (9.7 mg/dl). serum PTH levels were extremely increased (intact PTH >1,000 pg/ml: normal range 10-50 pg/ml). X-ray examination of the skull and shoulders showed a salt and pepper appearance, and cauliflower-like deformity of the distal end of both clavicles, respectively. Accelerated ectopic calcification was observed in the costal cartilages, internal carotid arteries, and splenic arteries. Ultrasonographic examination revealed enlargement of the four parathyroid glands. thallium-technetium subtraction scintigraphy of the parathyroid glands showed increased uptake into the upper two. Renal needle biopsy revealed severe impairment of the interstitium and tubules with much milder changes in glomeruli. The etiology of the renal failure could not be identified. Hemodialysis, total parathyroidectomy and auto-transplantation into the forearm were immediately performed. The pathological diagnosis was chief cell hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands. Based on the presence of chronic renal failure, remarkable hyperphosphatemia with mild hypercalcemia, an unusually high level of serum PTH, and accelerated ectopic calcification, the patient was diagnosed to have severe secondary hyperparathyroidism caused by chronic renal failure with major impairment of the renal interstitium and tubules.
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4/189. endoscopy as a tool for diagnosing and treating gastrointestinal angiodysplasia in haemodialysis patients.

    Gastroenteric angiodysplasia is an important cause of haemorrhage in chronic renal failure patients. This paper reports on 2 patients on maintenance haemodialysis with upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to different manifestations of angiodysplasic lesions (sudden appearance of haematemesis and melaena in one case, progressive anaemia with apparent resistance to erythropoietin in the other case). Exploratory endoscope examination of the first digestive tract showed in both cases the presence of bleeding angiodysplasic lesions. Both patients were there and then submitted to surgical endoscopy, during which the bleeding angiodysplasic lesion was sclerosed with physiological salt solution plus adrenaline 1/10000 and 1% polydocanol. In one patient, bleeding occurred again ten days later, making renewed surgical endoscopy necessary. In the course of this an elastic ligature was made to the superangular angiodysplasia. A year later in both cases there were no direct or indirect signs of further bleeding; an endoscopic check-up showed the treated lesions to be sclerosed. endoscopy offers the unique possibility of being used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in a single session. In expert hands, endoscope therapy is effective and markedly reduces the risk of side effects.
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5/189. renal artery embolization controls intractable pain in a patient with polycystic kidney disease.

    A 65-year-old man with adult polycystic kidney disease (APKD) and chronic renal failure suffered from intractable abdominal pain and distension for 2 weeks. meperidine infusion did not alleviate his pain. However, pain and abdominal distension were successfully controlled by embolization of both renal arteries.
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6/189. ticlopidine-induced aplastic anemia and quick recovery with G-CSF: case report and literature review.

    We report here a case of ticlopidine-induced aplastic anemia that responded to G-CSF and review the literature. An 83-year-old woman was started on ticlopidine for coronary artery disease after an episode of upper gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to aspirin. She developed aplastic anemia seven weeks after initiation of ticlopidine. She was hospitalised and received empiric antibiotic therapy and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). Her bone marrow started to recover quickly, and white blood cell and platelet counts returned to normal within three weeks. A review of medical literature revealed 20 similar cases of ticlopidine-induced aplastic anemia resulting in death in seven cases. G-CSF has been used previously with variable success. ticlopidine is associated with serious, sometimes fatal hematological side effects. This risk should be seriously taken into consideration when prescribing ticlopidine. G-CSF may be helpful in the treatment of ticlopidine-induced aplastic anemia.
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7/189. Nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia in a patient on maintenance hemodialysis.

    Nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI) is known to occupy about 25% to 60% of intestinal infarction. NOMI has been reported to be responsible for 9% of the deaths in the dialysis population and the postulated causes of NOMI include intradialytic hypotension, atherosclerosis and medications, such as diuretics, digitalis and vasopressors. Clinical manifestations, such as fever, diarrhea and leukocytosis, are nonspecific, which makes early diagnosis of NOMI very difficult. Case: A 66-year-old woman on maintenance hemodialysis for 5 years was admitted with syncope, abdominal pain and chilly sensation. Since 7 days prior to admission, blood pressure on the supine position during hemodialysis had frequently fallen to 80/50 mmHg. Four days later, she complained of progressive abdominal pain. Rebound tenderness and leukocytosis (WBC 13900/mm3) with left shift were noted. Stool examination was positive for occult blood. Abdominal CT scan showed a distended gall bladder with sludge. Under the impression of acalculous cholecystitis, she was operated on. Surgical and pathologic findings of colon colon were compatible with NOMI. Because of recurrent intradialytic hypotension, we started midodrine 2.5 mg just before hemodialysis and increased the dose up to 7.5 mg. After midodrine therapy, blood pressure during dialysis became stable and the symptoms associated with hypotension did not recur. CONCLUSION: As NOMI may occur within several hours or days after an intradialytic hypotensive episode, abdominal pain should be carefully observed and NOMI should be considered as a differential diagnosis. In addition, we suggest that midodrine be considered to prevent intradialytic hypotensive episodes.
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keywords = abdominal pain
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8/189. kidney disease and silicosis.

    AIM: To determine the prevalence of kidney disease in a cohort of individuals with silicosis. methods: review of medical records and questionnaires from patients reported to a state surveillance system for silicosis. Reporting of individuals with silicosis is required by state law. All individuals with silicosis reported as required by law to the State of michigan. Individuals included in this article were reported from 1987 to 1995. Cases were reported by hospitals, physicians, the state workers' compensation bureau, or from death certificates. Only individuals who met the criteria for silicosis developed by the National Institute for Occupational safety and health (NIOSH) were included. RESULTS: medical records were reviewed of 583 individuals with confirmed silicosis. This was mainly a population of elderly men. Ten percent of the 583 silicotics were found to have some mention of chronic kidney disease, and 33% of the 283 silicotics who we had laboratory tests on had a serum creatinine level >1.5 mg/dl. An association between kidney disease and age and between kidney disease and race was found among this cohort of 583 silicotics. Individuals with silicosis were more likely to have a serum creatinine level >1.5 mg/dl than age- and race-matched controls. However, no relationship between duration of exposure to silica or profusion of scarring on chest X-ray and prevalence of kidney disease or elevated creatinine levels was found. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms previous case reports and epidemiologic studies of end-stage renal disease that found an association between kidney disease and exposure to silica. The epidemiologic data are conflicting on the mechanism by which silica causes kidney disease and are compatible with silica being able to cause kidney disease by both an autoimmune and direct nephrotoxic effect. Chronic kidney disease should be considered as a complication of silicosis.
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ranking = 0.11372759936814
keywords = chest
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9/189. Bilateral slipped upper femoral epiphysis: a rare manifestation of renal osteodystrophy. Case report with discussion of its pathogenesis.

    Bilateral slipped upper femoral epiphysis is a rare manifestation of renal osteodystrophy. A case of bilateral slipped femoral epiphysis in an 18-year old male suffering from chronic renal failure due to oligomeganephronic renal hypoplasia with profound signs of renal osteodystrophy is presented. serum growth hormone levels were high, while those of urinary 17-ketosteroids were decreased. Following subtotal parathyroidectomy, the progression of the process leading to slipped epiphysis was halted with closure of the epiphyses. The patient was subsequently treated with chronic hemodialysis for several months, after which successful renal transplantation was performed. The pathogenesis of renal osteodystrophy leading to slipped epiphysis is discussed and attention drawn to the fact that bilateral slipped femoral epiphysis may be the first clinical sign of chronic renal insufficiency.
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keywords = upper
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10/189. hemoperitoneum in patients receiving hemodialysis.

    Acute abdominal pain in chronic hemodialysis patients has well-known causes, including acute pancreatitis, mesenteric arterial insufficiency, or complicated duodenal ulcer. Others, such as hemoperitoneum, are far less common. Although hemoperitoneum occurs in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis, dialysis is seldom if ever the direct cause of the bleeding. hemoperitoneum is often related to menses or ovulation, particularly to ovarian cyst rupture; therefore, it is more common in young women. In most cases, no specific treatment is required. hemoperitoneum is rarely considered as the cause of acute abdominal pain in chronic hemodialysis patients. In this report of hemoperitoneum confirmed by emergency laparotomy in 3 women, bleeding was not related to gynecologic origin. All of the women were younger than age 50 and undergoing long-term hemodialysis. All patients had a history of acute abdominal pain associated with shock. The cause of bleeding was always an organ lesion: hepatic amyloidosis with suspected portal hypertension or sclerosing peritonitis and acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis. Coagulation abnormalities and the use of anticoagulants during hemodialysis sessions may have been aggravating factors in all three patients. hemoperitoneum is difficult to diagnose, particularly in the minor forms, and consequently its incidence may be underestimated. Therefore, it should be considered whenever a chronic hemodialysis patient presents with persistent acute abdominal pain.
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