1/38. hiv-1 (p24)-positive multinucleated giant cells in HIV-associated lymphoepithelial lesion of the parotid gland. A report of two cases.BACKGROUND: Cystic benign lymphoepithelial lesion (CBLL) is a well-recognized parotid disorder the diagnosis of which can be made on the basis of clinical findings, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing, image studies and fine needle aspiration (FNA). Most aspirations are cystic, and the lesion can be recognized if the triad of foamy macrophages, lymphoid and epithelial (squamous) cells is observed. CASES: The authors recently observed FNA cytologic features of two HIV-associated cases that exhibited numerous multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) but failed to show the epithelial component. A subsequent surgical resection was performed in one patient. Similarly to what has been described for nasopharyngeal (adenoid and tonsil) lymphoid tissue of HIV-positive patients, intense immunoexpression of S-100 and p24 (hiv-1) protein was present in MGC. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of HIV-associated CBLL should always be considered if a parotid cystic lesion presents with numerous MGCs. Immunocytochemical detection of p24 (hiv-1) protein in MGC becomes a very useful diagnostic aid and extends to parotid CBLL many of those pathogenic features of hiv-1 infection already noted in other hiv-1-infected, lymphoid oropharyngeal lesions.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/38. Sonographic and MR findings of an extensive, HIV-related prostatic abscess.We present findings in a patient positive for the human immunodeficiency virus in whom a prostatic abscess involving the entire gland was diagnosed by transrectal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); he was subsequently treated by transurethral resection, drainage, and antibiotics. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a pelvic phased-array coil MRI performed in a patient with prostatic abscess.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.25keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/38. HIV-associated parotid lymphoepithelial cysts.BACKGROUND: An outstanding feature of the diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome, or DILS, a subset of hiv-1 disease, is asymptomatic bilateral parotid swelling. Recognition of the entity is important because people with this disease will seek routine dental care. CASE DESCRIPTION: The authors present a classic case of DILS. The patient exhibited bilateral parotid swellings caused by lymphoepithelial cysts, cervical lymphadenopathy, a CD8 circulating lymphocytosis and a CD8 lymphocytic infiltration into the labial salivary glands. A right superficial parotidectomy had been performed several years previously. However, no intervention was advised for the remaining left parotid because of its benign course. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Since patients with DILS can develop lymphomas, periodic observation is mandatory. Any change in the growth pattern requires that a fine-needle aspiration biopsy be performed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.25keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/38. Coexistent gastric MALT lymphoma and Kaposi sarcoma in an HIV positive patient.A 47 year old HIV positive male presented with haematemesis and epigastric pain. A gastrectomy was performed for intractable bleeding. The cause of the haematemesis proved to be a Kaposi sarcoma of the stomach which had resulted in mucosal ulceration. Several other smaller foci of Kaposi sarcoma were also present. Coexistent with the Kaposi sarcoma was a dense lymphoid infiltrate with lymphoid follicles and reactive germinal centres. Centrocyte-like cells caused marked effacement and destruction of gastric glands with the formation of lymphoepithelial lesions, typical of a MALT lymphoma. These cells were of B cell lineage and some expressed the HIV antigen, p24. Follicular dendritic cells and macrophages within germinal centres were also p24 positive. immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation did not detect Epstein-Barr virus. Although helicobacter pylori was not identified by light microscopy in the sections sampled, this does not preclude its possible role, with other cofactors such as HIV, in the causation of the MALT lymphoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.25keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/38. Multicystic autoimmune thyroiditis-like disease associated with HIV infection. A case report.BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and resulting acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) may involve virtually every organ system, including the endocrine glands. Thyroid dysfunction most commonly reflects advanced disease and generally resembles euthyroid sick syndrome. Rarely do opportunistic infections, hemorrhage, neoplasms and drugs account for alterations in thyroid tissue. Multiple lymphoepithelial cysts of parotid gland and thymus have been identified, but similar findings in thyroid gland have not been reported. CASE: A 41-year-old, HIV-seropositive woman, asymptomatic for seven years, developed a squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix with local-regional extension. At the same time, bilateral complex thyroid cysts and high titers of antimicrosomal antibodies (1/6,400) were detected. Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid showed a heterogeneous lymphocytic population with a reactive appearance and occasional groups of epithelial cells with an immature squamous pattern, along with cytologic features of autoimmune thyroiditis. Immunocytochemistry was positive for CD20, CD3 and CD5. Immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement by polymerase chain reaction from cytologic material showed a polyclonal lymphoid population. External radiotherapy resulted in a significant reduction in the pelvic lesion. Four months after diagnosis, abdominal ultrasound displayed multiple hepatic metastasis, the patient's condition rapidly deteriorated, and she died about a month later. CONCLUSION: This case had unique features and probably represented an AIDS-related lesion and distinct entity.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.75keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/38. Common head and neck manifestations of AIDS.head and neck manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) can involve the skin, ear, upper aerodigestive tract, and neck. Several head and neck manifestations of AIDS may be the only initial sign of this disease process and therefore primary-care physicians and otolaryngologists must be able to recognize and understand the management of these lesions. Cystic enlargement of the parotid gland and Kaposi's sarcoma are increasingly being encountered in the head and neck exam of HIV-infected patients. An example of each of these disease processes is presented with full discussion about the various treatment methods.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.25keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/38. parotid gland swelling in HIV diffuse infiltrative CD8 lymphocytosis syndrome.The signs and symptoms of diffuse infiltrative CD8 lymphocytosis syndrome (DILS), a subset of HIV, include parotid swelling, cervical lymphadenopathy and a serologic CD8 elevation. A case report is used to illustrate the condition. patients with the syndrome will be seen in the dental office. Recognition and appropriate referral are responsibilities of the dental practitioner.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/38. Pseudo-primary infection syndrome following discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy.We report the case of a retroviral rebound syndrome associated with parotid gland enlargement in a chronically HIV-infected man.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.25keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/38. Salivary stone lithotripsy in the HIV patient.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of shock-wave lithotripsy in the treatment of salivary gland disease in HIV-positive patients. STUDY DESIGN: Four patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus with ultrasonographically confirmed sialolithiasis (three male patients, mean age 33.5 years, range 19-41 years) were treated with extracorporeal electromagnetic shock-wave lithotripsy. RESULTS: All but one of the patients were successfully treated or experienced relief, with complete stone clearance demonstrated by ultrasonography 12 months after lithotripsy. CONCLUSION: Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy is a safe, effective and minimally invasive technique for the nonsurgical treatment of HIV-positive patients with sialolithiasis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.25keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/38. pathology of the breast associated with HIV/AIDS.Breast pathology that is characteristic of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has not been addressed in the literature. HIV may directly and indirectly affect the glandular, mesenchymal, and intramammary lymphoid tissue in seropositive patients. Likely infections in this setting include tuberculous mastitis and pyogenic abscesses that may lead to fatal septicemia. Benign stromal changes include gynecomastia, adipose tissue deposition as part of the fat maldistribution syndrome, and pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia. Breast carcinoma in HIV-infected patients occurs at a relatively early age, with increased bilateral disease, unusual histology, and early metastatic spread with a poor outcome. However, the link between breast cancer and HIV remains controversial. Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma may also be localized to the breast in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This article reviews benign and malignant breast diseases that are likely to be encountered in patients with HIV/AIDS.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.25keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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