1/12. Apocrine adenosis of the breast: clonal evidence of neoplasia.AIMS: We report here a case of apocrine adenosis of the breast in a 66-year-old woman. To clarify the nature of this lesion, we examined it by clonal analysis. methods AND RESULTS: The lesion, 43 mm at its greatest dimension, was ill-circumscribed, lacking a fibrous capsule, and was composed of compact glands that showed typical histological features of apocrine adenosis. Clonality analysis, using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method for females heterozygous for a BstXI polymorphism of the X-linked phosphoglycerokinase (PGK) gene, revealed the monoclonal nature of the lesion. CONCLUSIONS: This result strongly suggests that some populations of apocrine adenosis are already neoplastic, and this could contribute to the premalignant potential of this lesion.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nature (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/12. Cytologic findings of atypical adenosis of the breast. A case report.BACKGROUND: Atypical apocrine adenosis, a well-described histopathologic entity, can sometimes be misdiagnosed as carcinoma. Apocrine cells can also appear atypical in cytopathology and be mistaken for carcinoma. Occasional case reports describe false positive cases due to the presence of apocrine cells in a few cases of radial scars and atypical apocrine metaplasia and in a degenerated cyst. CASE: A 37-year-old female underwent ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration of an ill-defined breast nodule. The aspirate showed clusters and single cells containing abundant granular to focally vacuolated cytoplasm; enlarged, pleomorphic nuclei with irregular nuclear membranes; granular chromatin; and prominent nucleoli. These cells were distinct from and larger than the surrounding ductal and myoepithelial cells. Excision showed a nodular area of atypical apocrine adenosis adjacent to previous biopsy changes, correlating with the cytologic findings. CONCLUSION: Atypical apocrine adenosis can mimic carcinoma in histopathology and cytopathology. One should be cautious when reviewing apocrine cells in cytology, given their atypical features, especially their single, dispersed nature. However, the presence of accompanying benign cellular elements supports a benign diagnosis. Surgical biopsy should be recommended based on the cytologic findings.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = nature (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/12. Intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies in breast cyst fluids are giant lysosomes.Electron microscopic (EM) studies were performed on a benign breast cyst fluid to determine the nature of intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies (EIBs). EIBs were usually found in macrophages and had the ultrastructural appearance of giant lysosomes. EIBs contained cellular material and granular debris; when viewed by EM, the contents were somewhat variable, depending on the nature of phagocytosed material and the extent of enzymatic breakdown. Usually the phagocytosed material had a rather homogeneous, finely granular texture. Occasionally cell remnants, including cytoplasmic organelles, were preserved inside the EIBs. Since the "host" macrophages were in various states of degeneration, the formation of EIBs appears to be related to a severe disturbance in the macrophage cellular function. This study showed that EIBs in cells from breast cyst fluids are not viral particles.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nature (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/12. Sclerosing adenosis cancerized by intraductal carcinoma.Sclerosing adenosis is a common proliferative lesion of the mammary lobule which is not associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer. An unusual case of florid sclerosing adenosis showing extensive cancerization by intraductal carcinoma is reported. The neoplastic nature of the sclerosing lesion can be recognized by the unusual distension of the tubules by cells and the subtle cytological changes, and further confirmed by finding foci of classical intraductal carcinoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = nature (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/12. Contextual analysis complements single-cell analysis in the diagnosis of breast cancer in fine needle aspirates.Image analysis techniques were used to characterize individual nuclei of cells and entire clusters of cells in hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained smears of fine needle aspirates of the breast to determine the ability of these techniques to distinguish benign from malignant cases. Analysis of the individual nuclear features showed significant differences in nuclear area, shape (bending energy), texture and integrated darkness between benign and malignant samples. Analysis of the clusters demonstrated that the benign clusters were fewer in number, more cellular (average gray level) and larger than malignant clusters. A statistical classifier was constructed to test the discriminatory accuracy for benign and malignant cases. Good discrimination was found for both the individual nuclei and the clusters when analyzed separately, although a few cases were misclassified by each type of analysis. When combined, the two classifiers achieved a completely accurate classification. This suggests the complementary nature of high-resolution single-cell analysis and the more global cluster analysis techniques.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = nature (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/12. Breast carcinoma with tumor giant cells. Report of a case with fine needle aspiration cytology.A 31-year-old woman presented with a cystic mass in the left breast. At fine needle aspiration (FNA), the mass felt gritty, and a firm mass remained after drainage of the cyst. Cytologic examination of the aspirate showed mononucleated malignant cells and an array of bizarre malignant multinucleated giant cells. A diagnosis of carcinoma of breast with malignant giant cells was made. Subsequent histologic study of the lesion showed a central cystic cavity lined by bizarre tumor giant cells. Immunocytochemistry and lectin cytochemistry confirmed the epithelial nature of the malignant giant cells. The entities that may yield giant cells on FNA of breast masses are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = nature (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/12. Fine needle aspiration cytology of adenosis tumor of the breast. With immunocytochemical and ultrastructural observations.The fine needle aspiration (FNA) findings of multinodular sclerosing adenosis forming a discrete lesion (so-called "adenosis tumor") of the breast are presented. The findings in this case and a review of the literature indicate that adenosis tumor is an unusual breast lesion that can clinically and histologically be confused with breast carcinoma, especially at the time of frozen section. FNA biopsy demonstrated uniform groups of ductal cells, stromal fragments and many stripped bipolar nuclei, which led to a correct diagnosis of a benign proliferative breast lesion, but not to a specific diagnosis of adenosis tumor. Immunoperoxidase staining for muscle actin demonstrated positive staining of many bipolar spindle-shaped cells, indicative of myoepithelial cells. Immunohistochemical studies on the resected specimen demonstrated actin positivity of myoepithelial cells and intact linear staining of type IV collagen around the ductules. Ultrastructural examination demonstrated ductal cells with surrounding myoepithelial cells resting on a delicate basal lamina, with surrounding bundles of collagen in the interstitial space. This appears to be the first FNA cytologic description of this unusual breast tumor and the first immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characterization of this lesion. FNA cytologic examination may more clearly identify the benign nature of the breast mass than frozen section.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = nature (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/12. Treatment of benign breast disease with vitamin a.Twelve patients with benign breast disease (BBD) were treated with 150,000 IU of vitamin a daily taken orally. All patients were symptomatic and had measurable or evaluable breast masses. At 3 months of treatment, complete or partial responses were observed in five patients, and marked pain reduction in nine was observed. Side effects were generally mild in nature, consisting mostly of skin and mucosal changes, and were rapidly reversible upon discontinuation of the drug. Treatment was interrupted or discontinued in only two patients, and the dosage of vitamin a was reduced in one on account of toxicity. No hepatotoxicity was observed. Investigation of the chemopreventive role of either vitamin a or retinoids in patients with BBD who are at high risk of developing breast cancer is suggested.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = nature (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/12. Microglandular adenosis of the breast: fine-needle aspiration biopsy of two cases.Microglandular adenosis (MGA) recognizes a benign proliferative lesion of the breast that can mimic adenocarcinoma histologically. We describe the fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy cytology of MGA in two female patients. Smears were characterized by sparse cellularity, and the harvest consisted of a monotonous population of medium-sized cells, with vacuolated clear cytoplasm and round and uniform nuclei with small nucleoli. Clear cells appeared isolated or clustered with spindly fibroblasts. No naked nuclei of myoepithelial origin were present in the background. The differential diagnostic considerations included several breast lesions composed of clear cells. Subsequent surgical histology of lumpectomy revealed MGA. Further studies are needed to determine whether these cytologic features permit the specific identification of MGA, but our observations show that FNA is a sensitive method in recognizing the benign nature of the lesion.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = nature (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/12. Nerve-like myoid differentiation in sclerosing adenosis of breast. A diagnostic pitfall.A surgically excised lesion from the breast of a 33 year old woman showed apart from cystic disease sclerosing adenosis with distinct myoid differentiation. The myoid bundles were wrapped around original ductules producing a misleading picture which simulated tangentially cut nerves, infiltrated by tumour glands. Immunohistochemically, actin positivity and S-100 protein negativity confirmed the nature of the lesion as sclerosing adenosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = nature (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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