1/34. Clinical findings in a patient with spontaneous arteriovenous fistulas of the orbit.PURPOSE: To report clinical and radiologic findings of a patient with spontaneous arteriovenous fistulas of the orbit. METHOD: Case report. RESULTS: A 73-year-old woman was initially examined with a 1-year history of mild proptosis of the right eye. She had no history of trauma. Neuro-ophthalmologic examination disclosed dilatation of conjunctival vessels, increased intraocular pressure, mild proptosis and bruit in the right eye, and ocular signs suggestive of carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas or orbital arteriovenous malformations. The patient exhibited dilation of the superior ophthalmic vein in enhanced computed tomography of the orbit. Selective cerebral angiography disclosed communications between branches of both ophthalmic and facial arteries and the superior ophthalmic vein in the orbit. CONCLUSION: Arteriovenous fistulas of the orbit must be considered in the differential diagnosis of carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas and arteriovenous malformations, although they are quite rare.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = pressure (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/34. Unilateral exophthalmos caused by traumatic vertebral artery to vertebral and jugular vein fistula: problems in diagnosis and management.skull base venous fistulas are rare. A 15-year-old boy was stabbed in the left side of his neck, just below the mastoid process. Two years later, he presented with a protruded and pulsating left eye with red sclera. A soft murmur was audible all over his head and neck. Angiography revealed an arteriovenous fistula between the third portion of the vertebral artery (V3) and the vertebral venous plexus, as well as the ipsilateral jugular vein (VVJF). The fistula recruited several arterial feeders and rising the venous pressure along the outflow system of the skull base had led to unilateral exophthalmos.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = pressure (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/34. Unilateral proptosis and chemosis caused by dural arteriovenous malformation of the superior sagittal sinus.We describe a patient with unilateral proptosis and chemosis resulting from a dural arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) fed mainly by branches of both external carotid arteries. The symptoms may have been caused by increased SSS pressure and disturbance of venous flow by the dural AVM.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = pressure (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/34. Orbital compartment syndrome caused by intraorbital bacitracin ointment after endoscopic sinus surgery.PURPOSE: To present an unusual case of orbital compartment syndrome after endoscopic sinus surgery. methods: Case report. RESULTS: Acute proptosis, chemosis, decreased vision, and ophthalmoplegia were found immediately after endoscopic sinus surgery. Ophthalmologic evaluation showed a tense orbit, and intraocular pressure increased to 54 mm Hg. Treatment was initiated and the intraocular pressure dropped. Computed tomography (CT) revealed the presence of bacitracin ointment in the orbit. CONCLUSION: Ophthalmic complications after sinus surgery are well identified. Postoperative orbital compartment syndrome may be caused by retrobulbar hemorrhage, edema, air (emphysema), or foreign material. In this case, the findings were caused by inadvertent injection of bacitracin ointment into the orbit.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = pressure (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/34. Orbital varices: imaging findings and the role of color Doppler sonography in the diagnosis.The orbital varices are infrequent intraorbital masses, which cause intermittent, positional exophthalmos. They have low venous pressure inside which causes difficulties in detection by routine protocols of nearly all imaging modalities. color Doppler sonography is a simple procedure that can easily detect orbital varices which avoids further evaluation in non-complicated patients. We report the imaging findings of a case of orbital varix and discuss the role of color Doppler sonography in the diagnosis and follow-up.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = pressure (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/34. Intermittent visual loss and exophthalmos due to the Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome.PURPOSE: To describe the occurrence of intermittent visual loss in a patient with orbital hemangioma due to the blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome. methods: Case report. RESULTS: A 70-year-old woman complained of intermittent blurred vision combined with pressure behind her left eye occurring after head bending or Valsalva maneuvers. Examination revealed 2 mm of enophthalmos on the left. After downward bending of the head the eye became exophthalmic by 12 mm and visual acuity decreased to finger counting. Neuro-ophthalmologic examination was otherwise normal. magnetic resonance imaging revealed an intraconal hemangioma. Bluish, soft, rubber-like, compressible and slowly refilling hemangiomas on the inferior lip, sublingually, on the hand, and vagina led to the diagnosis of BRBNS. CONCLUSIONS: Intermittent visual loss may be the presenting symptom of an orbital hemangioma in BRBNS. Recognition of this rare condition is important because of its potentially life-threatening complications.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = pressure (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/34. Giant ependymal cyst of the temporal horn -- an unusual presentation. Case report with review of the literature.Primary benign cystic lesions in the brain are uncommon. However, extracerebral cysts like arachnoid cyst, epidermoid cyst and craniopharyngiomas are fairly common lesions. Also, colloid cyst in the third ventricle, dermoid cyst and endodermal cyst in the extracerebral location are not uncommon. On the contrary, intraventricular ependymal and choroidal cysts in the intraventricular location are infrequent. Surgical intervention is warranted in cysts, which produce a mass effect and raised intracranial pressure. We present an interesting case of a giant intraventricular ependymal cyst in the temporal horn in a 14-year-old boy, who presented with recent onset of headaches and epilepsy. He also had long-standing progressive proptosis of the left eye and left temporal bossing. Excision of this cystic lesion was curative. Interesting clinical and neuroimaging features are presented.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = pressure (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/34. Non-Hodgkin's orbital lymphoma.BACKGROUND: The non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) are a group of neoplasms characterized by proliferation of malignant lymphocytes. patients with NHL have a wide variety of presenting signs and symptoms, depending largely on the site of involvement and aggressiveness of the disease. Many organs in the body may be affected, including the eye and orbit. CASE REPORT: A 47-year-old male with a 3-year history of stage IV non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who had undergone recent monoclonal antibody therapy presented with a complaint of blur in the left eye with occasional diplopia. Significant ocular findings of the left eye included ptosis, mild proptosis, increased intraocular pressure, and choroidal folds. magnetic resonance imaging of the orbit revealed an orbital lymphoma that completely resolved after 2400 rads of external beam irradiation therapy. Eight months later, the patient developed a secondary radiation retinopathy. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of NHL is on the rise, and orbital involvement may occur at any time during the course of the disease. The standard treatment for non-Hodgkin's orbital lymphoma is external beam irradiation therapy, although the optimal dose for obtaining local tumor control without complications remains to be determined. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, orbital lymphoma, and various treatment options are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = pressure (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/34. Catastrophic antiphospholipid antibody syndrome manifesting as an orbital ischemic syndrome.Painful bilateral ophthalmoparesis, marked proptosis, increased intraocular pressure, and blindness developed in a 29-year-old woman with protein c deficiency and catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome. magnetic resonance imaging of the orbits showed bilateral proptosis, globe tenting, and tethering of the optic nerves consistent with an orbital ischemic syndrome. Despite aggressive therapy for antiphospholipid syndrome, the patient died. The autopsy showed necrosis of orbital tissues. This is the first report of orbital ischemic syndrome from protein c deficiency and antiphospholipid syndrome.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = pressure (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/34. Posttraumatic carotid-cavernous sinus fistula.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Posttraumatic carotid-cavernous sinus fistula is a rare complication of maxillofacial trauma and is seldom discussed in the literature. Motor vehicle accidents, falls, and other crush injuries contribute to the incidence of basilar skull fractures and the formation of fistulae. When injuries occur in the vessel wall, the carotid artery has the potential to fill the low-pressure cavernous sinus. The symptoms include chemosis, proptosis, pulsating exophthalmos, diplopia, ophthalmoplegia, orbital pain, audible bruits, and blindness. methods AND MATERIALS: The conventional treatments include carotid ligation and embolization. These techniques have often proved to be ineffective. A new method--the occlusive balloon technique--has been developed and is described in this article. A clinical case is used to illustrate the procedure. RESULTS AND/OR CONCLUSIONS: Utilization of balloon catheters provides a minimally invasive technique to treat patients, without significant morbidity or mortality. The procedure is found to be successful and predictable.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = pressure (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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