1/60. myocarditis associated with Echo type 7 infection in a leukemic child.A 3 1/2-year-old boy, during the course of acute lymphocytic leukemia presented clinical, roentgenological and ECG signs of myocarditis, which disappeared completely within 1 1/2 month. ECHO type 7 virus was isolated from the faeces during the acute stage of the disease and rise in ECHO 7 neutralizing antibodies was demonstrated in paired sera of the patient. This unusual pathogenicity of ECHO 7 virus could be explained with the impairment of the host resistance induced by leukemia and immunosuppressive therapy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/60. Acute onset of type I diabetes mellitus after severe echovirus 9 infection: putative pathogenic pathways.enterovirus infections have been implicated in the development of type I diabetes mellitus. They may cause beta cell destruction either by cytolytic infection in the pancreas or indirectly by contributing to autoimmune reactivity. We sought evidence for these 2 mechanisms in a case of acute-onset diabetes mellitus that occurred during severe echovirus 9 infection. The virus was isolated and administered to cultured human beta cells. No viral proliferation was observed, and no beta cell death was induced, while parallel exposure to Coxsackie B virus serotype 3 resulted in viral proliferation and massive beta cell death. Although the viral protein 2C exhibited a sequence similar to that of the beta cell autoantigen glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD(65)), no cross-reactive T cell responses were detected. The patient did not develop antibodies to GAD(65) either. Absence of evidence for direct cytolytic action or an indirect effect through molecular mimicry with GAD(65) in the present case raises the possibility of another indirect pathway through which enteroviruses can cause diabetes mellitus.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.75keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/60. Neonatal Type I diabetes associated with maternal echovirus 6 infection: a case report.AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Neonatal diabetes mellitus is rare, and it has not been associated with beta-cell autoimmunity. Enteroviral infections during pregnancy have been implicated as a risk factor for the later development of Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. We now report of a baby girl who was born severely growth-retarded with neonatal insulin-deficient diabetes, and look for evidence of intrauterine enteroviral infections and beta-cell targeted autoimmunity. methods: Diabetes-associated autoimmunity was studied by measurement of several types of islet cell reactive autoantibodies. The infant's T-cell responses to insulin and enterovirus antigens were recorded and enterovirus antibodies were measured both from the mother and the child. RESULTS: Several types of diabetes-associated autoantibodies were detected postnatally, including insulin autoantibodies, conventional islet cell autoantibodies and glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies, whereas no autoantibodies were observed in the mother. The infant's T-cells showed reactivity to insulin and purified enterovirus particles. Based on serological studies, the pathogenetic process could have been triggered by an echovirus 6 infection during pregnancy. The patient's diabetes has been permanent, although there were signs of endogenous insulin production for several months. exocrine pancreatic insufficiency was diagnosed at the age of 1 year. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION: These observations suggests that enteroviral infections may induce beta-cell autoimmunity even in utero.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/60. Echovirus 7 infection and necrotizing enterocolitis-like symptoms in a premature infant.Echovirus type 7 has been previously recognized as a virulent serotype in the premature neonate. However, reports of fatal disseminated infections have often been perinatally acquired from symptomatic mothers at the time of delivery. Nosocomial outbreaks in full-term and premature infants have been reported from newborn intensive care units; however, deaths attributed to Echovirus 7 in convalescing prematures are rare in the literature. We report the case of a growing premature neonate presenting with an overwhelming sepsis-like syndrome, including symptoms consistent with necrotizing enterocolitis. Despite intensive supportive care including ventilatory support, cardiovascular pharmacotherapy, and blood product administration, the infant succumbed to overwhelming Echovirus 7 infection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.5keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/60. Fatal neonatal echovirus 6 infection: autopsy case report and review of the literature.A full-term, healthy male neonate was delivered by caesarian section to a 26-year-old primigravida woman who had a history of fever and upper respiratory tract infection. On the fourth day of life, the neonate developed a sepsis-like syndrome, acute respiratory and renal failure, and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. He died 13 days after birth. Postmortem examination revealed jaundice, anasarca, massive hepatic necrosis, adrenal hemorrhagic necrosis, renal medullary hemorrhage, hemorrhagic noninflammatory pneumonia, and severe encephalomalacia. Echovirus type 6 was isolated from blood, liver, and lungs. Although uncommon, echovirus type 6 infection may produce a spectrum of pathologic findings similar to those seen with the more commonly virulent echovirus type 11.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.5keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/60. bone marrow failure with concurrent enteroviral infection in a newborn.A newborn baby, with transient pancytopenia concurrent to Echovirus type 11 infection, was hospitalized for fever, diarrhea, rash, generalized petechiae and hepatosplenomegaly. Subsequent investigation showed bone marrow failure. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of bone marrow failure with concomitant enteroviral infection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.5keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/60. Acute flaccid paralysis syndrome associated with echovirus 19, managed with pleconaril and intravenous immunoglobulin.We describe a 39-year-old woman who had undergone bilateral lung and renal transplantation and who was admitted to the hospital with acute onset of flaccid paralysis of the left leg due to echovirus 19 infection. The patient was treated with pleconaril and intravenous immunoglobulin, which correlated with clinical and laboratory evidence of improvement.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.25keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/60. Severe echovirus 30 infection in twin neonates.Although enteroviruses can cause overwhelming and fatal systemic infections in neonates, such severe neonatal infections remain uncommon and rarely involve both of twin neonates at the same time. We report the cases of twin neonates who developed fever initially, and then progressed to disseminated systemic disease with marked thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy, and hepatic failure. One of the neonates died and the other survived. Both neonates were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin and maternal fresh frozen plasma was also given to the neonate who survived. Virus cultures from the nasopharynx, rectum and cerebral spinal fluid of both neonates yielded enterovirus, later typed as echovirus 30. The surviving neonate had normal development without obvious sequelae during a follow-up period of 1 year. The major determinant of the survival from severe neonatal enterovirus infection might have been the pre-existing severity of the disease before treatment, and complete recovery could be expected if the infant survived the acute stage of illness.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.75keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/60. Acute flaccid paralysis from echovirus type 33 infection.During a community echovirus type 33 outbreak, the virus was detected in the feces and cerebrospinal fluid of a 3-year-old boy with right arm weakness that followed a mild nonspecific febrile illness. This is the first time an association between echovirus type 33 infection and acute flaccid paralysis has been reported.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.25keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/60. Masticator myopathy.A 31-year-old woman developed low-grade fever and pain and swelling of the masticatory muscles. A T2-weighted magnetic resonance image showed high signal intensity in these muscles. Coxsackie B3 and echo 30 viruses were detected from a nasopharyngeal swab and feces, respectively. The clinical symptoms accompanied a marked decline in the serum immunoglobulin g level with progressive eosinophilia. Her symptoms disappeared by 8 weeks after onset. She was diagnosed as having masticator myopathy, which has rarely been reported in humans. The present case suggests that masticator myopathy is associated with coxsackie or echo virus infection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.25keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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