1/33. Antegrade continence enema for the treatment of neurogenic constipation and fecal incontinence after spinal cord injury.OBJECTIVE: To describe the effects of an antegrade continence enema stoma formed in a paraplegic man with intractable constipation and fecal incontinence. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: spinal cord injury unit, veterans Affairs hospital. PARTICIPANTS: spinal cord injury (SCI) patient with T12 paraplegia. INTERVENTION: Surgical formation of antegrade continence enema stoma. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: time of bowel program care, ease of fecal elimination, safety of procedure. RESULTS: Bowel care time was decreased from 2 hours to 50 minutes daily; 6 bowel medications were discontinued; fecal incontinence was eliminated; and no surgical or medical side effects noted after the procedure. CONCLUSION: The antegrade continence enema procedure is a safe and effective means of treating intractable constipation and fecal incontinence in the adult SCI patient. This option should be considered for those persons in whom medical management of bowel care has been unsuccessful.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = spinal (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/33. The gastric emptying scan as a tool for surgical management of severe bowel dysfunction in spinal cord injury: 2 case reports.We describe 2 patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) for whom the gastric emptying scan (GES) was crucial for determining the correct surgical approach in the therapeutic management of gastrointestinal complaints. Two men, ages 45 and 51 years, were admitted to a university hospital for delayed gastric complications from SCI. Both SCIs were traumatic, and the interval since injury was 18 months for the younger man and 6 months for the older man. Both men lacked voluntary motor and sensory function below the cord level of the lesion and had quadriplegia. Using GES, we measured motility (the cutoff for normal in this laboratory is 37%) and the time at which half the gastric contents were emptied (normal values are 45 /- 8 min). Both patients had abnormal motility: residuals at 1 hour were above 50%. Half the gastric contents were emptied at 75 and 90 minutes, respectively. The therapeutic value of the GES was demonstrated for both patients, in combination with the history, physical examination, and abdominal radiographic studies. The first patient underwent ileostomy, and the second required a gastrostomy tube and a jejunostomy tube in addition to metoclopramide. The GES is a valuable diagnostic tool with an important role in the surgical management of patients with SCI.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.25keywords = spinal (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/33. Currarino triad--diagnostic dilemma and a combined surgical approach.PURPOSE: The authors present 2 families with 3 cases of Currarino triad, diagnostic difficulties, their familial occurrence, and genetic mapping, with emphasis on a combined pediatric surgical and pediatric neurosurgical approach in managing these children. RESULTS: The main presentation was intractable constipation. In the first family there was a 4-generation pedigree with recurrence of Currarino triad. The mother and the child have the condition. family 2 screening showed a 3-generation pedigree with presence of Currarino triad in 3 members. patients 2 and 3 are cousins whose fathers are affected by spina bifida occulta and Currarino triad, respectively. In patient 1, the diagnosis was made after inadvertent rupture of an anterior meningocele during posterior myectomy. In patient 2, the presacral mass was found on examination under anesthesia, and the planned anorectal myectomy for intractable constipation was abandoned. Patient 3 was a cousin of patient 2, and the diagnosis was considered when she presented with intractable constipation at the age of 7 months. Magnetic resonance scan was useful in showing the presence of presacral mass, spinal abnormalities, and tethered cord. A combined pediatric and neurosurgical approach optimized the extirpation of the presacral mass with minimal complications. Surgical treatment was individualized according to the estimation of the operative risk factors. All patients have a normal bladder function. Patient 1 has required laxatives and enemas for intermittent constipation. She has associated learning difficulties but is otherwise well. Patient 2 and 3, aged 10 and 2 years, respectively, are awaiting closure of colostomy. They are thriving and well. CONCLUSIONS: The authors recommend a combined pediatric and neurosurgical assessment and management for all cases of Currarino triad. family screening is obligatory. The authors suggest the use of a magnetic resonance scan or computerized axial tomography myelogram to define the presence of anosacral and spinal cord anomalies in patients with intractable constipation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = spinal (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/33. Clinics in diagnostic imaging (52). spinal cord schistosomiasis.A 2-year-old Brazilian boy presented with bilateral leg weakness and constipation, followed by development of progressive paraparesis and bladder dysfunction. Neurological examination revealed flaccid paraparesis. blood tests and CSF analysis showed eosinophilia. The MR examination revealed a spinal cord mass extending from T9 to L1 levels, with a heterogeneously-enhancing solid component and a cystic component. Stool tests for schistosoma mansoni eggs were positive. The patient underwent surgery, the intramedullary mass was partially resected, and the diagnosis of spinal cord infection by schistosoma mansoni was confirmed. After surgery, the patient was treated with praziquantel and oxamniquine. He was discharged with partial improvement of the lower extremity weakness and bowel/bladder function. The clinical and imaging features of spinal cord schistosomiasis are reviewed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.75keywords = spinal (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/33. Obstructed defecation caused by a cystourethrocele and mobile posterior vaginal wall: a case report.Obstructed defecation may be caused by a rectocele and/or enterocele. Rectal wall procidentia may be due to an enterocele bulging into the rectum. Another cause of rectal procidentia resulting in obstructed defecation is presented. A 65-year-old woman complained of vaginal prolapse and incomplete bowel emptying. Pelvic examination revealed that a stage III anterior vaginal wall prolapse caused a mobile posterior vaginal wall to prolapse into the anal canal, resulting in rectal procidentia and subsequently in obstructed defecation. Careful assessment of all pelvic floor compartments is important to identify the cause of obstructed defecation, particularly in the absence of a rectocele.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.079972371281224keywords = canal (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/33. Case study to evaluate a standing table for managing constipation.Standing devices have been advocated as a potentially beneficial treatment for constipation in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI); however, definitive data are lacking. A case of a patient who requested a standing table to treat chronic constipation is presented as an illustration of a method to address this problem on an individual patient level. The patient was a 62-year-old male with T12-L1 asia B paraplegia who was injured in 1965. The patient was on chronic narcotics for severe, nonoperable shoulder pain. His bowel program had been inadequate to prevent impactions. A systematic approach was used to measure the effects of a standing table on frequency of bowel movements (BMs) and on length of bowel care episodes. There was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in frequency of BMs and a decrease in bowel care time with the use of the standing table 5 times/week versus baseline. For this patient, the use of the standing table was a clinically useful addition to his bowel care program.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.25keywords = spinal (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/33. Radiographic, computed tomographic and histopathologic appearance of a presumed spinal chordoma in a dog.A 4-year-old Labrador Retriever presented for urinary incontinence and constipation of 2 weeks duration. There was a tender abdomen, lumbar pain and conscious proprioceptive deficits in both pelvic limbs. Depressed pelvic limb reflexes were present consistent with a lower motor neuron lesion. In radiographs of the lumbar spine there was narrowing of the intervertebral disc space at L5-L6 with irregular, multifocal areas of mineralized opacities dorsal to the intervertebral disc space, presumably within the vertebral canal. On computed tomography, an intramedullary, partially mineralized mass was identified in the spinal cord at the level of caudal L5 through cranial L6. At necropsy there was a four-centimeter enlarged, irregular segment of spinal cord at the level of L5-L6. When sectioned, the spinal cord bad a mineralized texture. Histologically there were variable sized cells that were stellate in appearance with vacuolated cytoplasm (physaliferous cells) and mucinous background consistent with a chordoma. chordoma is a rare, skeletal neoplasm that originates from mesoderm-derived notochord and has been reported in humans and animals. Extraskeletal development of a chordoma within the spinal cord is a rare manifestation of this neoplasm. However, based on other reports in dogs, solitary extraskeletal locations of chordomas may be the typical expression of this neoplasm in the dog. Differentiation of similar histologically appearing tumors, such as a parachordoma or myxoid chondrosarcoma, will require immunohistochemical characterization of these tumors in veterinary patients.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.0799723712812keywords = spinal, canal (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/33. A rare and often unrecognized cause of hematochezia and tenesmus in childhood: solitary rectal ulcer syndrome.Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) is an unusual disorder of childhood, which usually presents with rectal bleeding, mucous discharge, prolonged straining, tenesmus, and localized pain in the perineal area. After the first description by Cruveilhier, Madigan and Morson further detailed the clinical and pathologic features of SRUS in 1969. The pathogenesis of the syndrome is not well-understood. The postulated mechanism responsible for rectal prolapse in most cases seems to be excessive straining efforts during which high intra-abdominal pressure forces the anterior rectal mucosa firmly into the contracting puborectalis muscle. The anterior rectal mucosa is frequently forced into the anal canal and as a consequence becomes strangulated, causing congestion, edema, and ulceration. Histologically, the presence of fibromuscular obliteration of the lamina propria with disorientation of muscle fibers is characteristic, which could be secondary to chronic mechanical and ischemic trauma and inflammation by hard stools, and intussusception of the rectal mucosa. Although the syndrome is well-recognized in adults, the pediatric experience with this condition is limited and often remains unrecognized or misdiagnosed. A misdiagnosis has been reported in one fourth of adult cases, and the correct diagnosis usually delayed approximately 5 to 7 years. There are few pediatric case reports in English literature. Here, we describe 2 children with SRUS, aged 11 and 14 years, whose SRUS was diagnosed 2 and 6 years, respectively, after the onset of the first signs and symptoms.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.079972371281224keywords = canal (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/33. Perianal mucinous adenocarcinoma: unusual case presentations and review of the literature.Perianal mucinous adenocarcinoma is a rare cancer constituting 3 to 11 per cent of all anal carcinomas. It may arise de novo or from a fistula or abscess cavity. We present two cases of this disease process. Case One is a 52-year-old man with a chronic history of perianal abscesses who presented to the emergency room with a large bowel obstruction. He required diversion and wide local excision with lateral internal sphincterotomy for relief of the obstruction. pathology from the excised material revealed the unexpected diagnosis of invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the anus. Case Two is a 59-year-old man with a chronic history of complex fistulas and abscesses who presented to our office with a horseshoe fistula and deep postanal space abscess. Because of the nonhealing nature of the wound, biopsies from the abscess crater, fistulous tract, and the perianal skin opening were taken. The pathology department identified the specimens as invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the anal canal. This is an aggressive cancer often misdiagnosed clinically as benign pathology. A high index of suspicion and biopsy of fistulous tracts and abscesses are the keys to early diagnosis and treatment. With combination chemotherapy and radiation therapy in conjunction with aggressive surgical resection long-term survival might be obtained.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.079972371281224keywords = canal (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/33. Spinal Burkitt's lymphoma manifesting as nocturnal abdominal pain and constipation: a case report.A 3-year-old boy presented at the taiwan Adventist Hospital in Taipei with nocturnal epigastric pain and constipation. Abdominal X-ray showed colonic faecal impaction. Abdominal sonography showed gastric stasis with thickened pyloric wall and dilated rectosigmoid colons. The mouth-to-anus transit time (MATT) was prolonged. endoscopy showed pale gastric mucosa, atony of pylorus and widening of the duodenal bulb. Three weeks after the onset of abdominal pain, he developed urinary incontinence and rapidly deteriorating paraplegia of lower limbs. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an extradural intraspinal mass of T5-T8 and a soft tissue mass in the right superior mediastinum. After a laminectomy and tumour excision, the patient's symptoms improved quickly. The pathology revealed Burkitt's lymphoma. This is the first report of nocturnal abdominal pain and constipation as the initial manifestation of spinal Burkitt's lymphoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = spinal (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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