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1/6. Detection of pseudoaneurysm of the left ventricle by fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition (FIESTA) magnetic resonance imaging.

    This report highlights the importance of interpretating images throughout the course of a dobutamine MRI stress test. Upon review of the baseline images, the left ventricular (LV) endocardium was not well seen due to flow artifacts associated with low intracavitary blood-flow velocity resulting from a prior myocardial infarction. physicians implemented a cine fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition (FIESTA) technique that was not subject to low flow artifact within the LV cavity. With heightened image clarity, physicians unexpectedly identified a LV pseudoaneurysm.
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2/6. Traumatic superficial temporal artery pseudoaneurysms in a minor league baseball player: a case report and review of the literature.

    Traumatic STA aneurysm is a rare complication of facial trauma occuring typically in young men. We present the case of a minor league baseball player who developed 2 pseudoaneurysms after being struck by a baseball and review all cases associated with sports activities. Reports associated with sports activities are increasing and may represent an increasing incidence. The team physician should suspect this condition when a player presents with a new temporal mass after facial trauma. Diagnosis is typically made on history and physical examination, but can be confirmed by duplex ultrasound. Definitive treatment is surgical resection of the aneurysm after proximal and distal ligation of the vessel.
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3/6. Aortic pseudoaneurysm after penetration by a Simon nitinol inferior vena cava filter.

    This report describes an unusual complication related to inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement. A 50-year-old woman undergoing long-term anticoagulation presented to her primary care physician with abdominal pain after a motor vehicle accident. An IVC filter had been placed 7 years earlier. Computed tomography of the abdomen demonstrated a moderate perisplenic hematoma and a fragmented IVC filter penetrating the aorta. A small infrarenal aortic pseudoaneurysm had developed at the penetration site. Wallgraft placement successfully sealed the aneurysm.
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4/6. Ruptured femoral pseudoaneurysm presenting as a lateral abdominal wall hematoma.

    Lateral abdominal wall hematomas are rare. We describe a patient with a delayed rupture of a femoral artery pseudoaneurysm, who presented with such a hematoma. In contrast to other types of abdominal wall hematomas, which are often managed conservatively, a ruptured femoral artery pseudoaneurysm frequently requires emergent surgical intervention. rupture of a pseudoaneurysm can be catastrophic. Due to the rising incidence of femoral artery pseudoaneurysms and shorter hospital stays, it is useful for the emergency physician to be familiar with the diagnosis and management of femoral artery pseudoaneurysms and their potentially life-threatening complications.
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5/6. Pseudoaneurysm of the anterior superficial temporal artery.

    Pseudoaneurysm of the superficial temporal artery must be considered in the differential diagnosis of masses of the lateral forehead and temporal fossa. While the first reported case of a temporal artery aneurysm was reported by Thomas Bartholin in 1740, there is scant mention of this lesion in the plastic and maxillofacial surgical literature. Pseudoaneurysms can arise in the forehead and scalp as a result of blunt traumatic impingement of the superficial temporal artery against the calvarium. The anterior branch of the artery is most vulnerable, because in the lateral forehead it courses over the frontal osseous ridge in the galea aponeurotica formed by the fusion line of the deep and superficial temporalis muscle fascia. This dense fascial investment has a tethering effect in the gap between the temporalis and frontalis muscles and prevents the artery from displacing laterally in response to traumatic forces. A history of recent blunt trauma or surgery to the forehead, combined with a pulsatile bruit, should direct the physician to the diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm of the superficial temporal artery. Treatment is surgical resection of the involved segment without the need for reconstruction. This report includes a review of the literature and presents the first documented case of a bicycle helmet as the cause of a superficial temporal artery pseudoaneurysm.
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6/6. brachial plexus compression due to subclavian pseudoaneurysm from cannulation of jugular vein hemodialysis catheter.

    Jugular venous cannulation is generally safer than subclavian cannulation. The traumatic complications associated with jugular vein hemodialysis catheters are rare. A jugular vein, therefore, has become the preferred site for hemodialysis catheter insertion. We describe the first case of brachial plexus compression attributable to delayed recognition of a right subclavian pseudoaneurysm as a complication of jugular venous cannulation of hemodialysis catheter. We advocate that any neck swelling, new bruit, and the symptoms of brachial plexopathy after jugular venous cannulation warrant an intensive investigation to exclude arterial injury. Because delayed diagnosis may lead to a worsened prognosis in patients with brachial plexus palsy, physicians should exercise vigilance to detect and manage early the potentially serious and fatal complications of subclavian artery pseudoaneurysm and brachial nerve injury.
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