1/15. Primary breast carcinoma of the vulva: a case report and literature review.BACKGROUND: In 1872, Hartung was the first to describe the case of a fully formed mammary gland arising in the left labium majora of a 30-year-old woman. Since Hartung's initial report, 38 additional cases of ectopic vulvar breast tissue have been described. This case report describes the rare occurrence of primary mammary adenocarcinoma arising within the vulva. CASE: A 64-year-old G4P4 white female presented with a 4-year history of a 2 x 1 cm firm, indurated, raised lesion of the left lateral mons. A wide local excision with ipsilateral inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy was performed. Given histological findings characteristic of both invasive ductal carcinoma and invasive lobular carcinoma, in conjunction with the presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors within the tumor, a diagnosis of infiltrating adenocarcinoma arising within ectopic breast tissue was made. CONCLUSIONS: Thirty-nine reported cases of ectopic breast tissue arising within the vulva have been reported in the world literature. Though the diagnosis of primary breast carcinoma arising within the vulva is based primarily upon histologic pattern, estrogen and progesterone receptor positivity provide supporting evidence. Given the rarity of this condition, guidelines for therapy are unavailable; we therefore suggest looking to the current management of breast cancer in order to establish a sensible approach.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/15. spinal cord stimulation for intractable vulvar pain. A case report.BACKGROUND: vulvodynia is a complex pain syndrome with few effective treatments. We present a case of complex persistent vulvar pain effectively managed with spinal cord stimulation. CASE: A 21-year-old woman had a long history of burning vulvar pain exacerbated by exercise and sexual intercourse. Her symptoms began after termination of pregnancy and were not improved by diet changes or medical therapy. A partial vulvar vestibulectomy with Bartholin gland excision was performed, without an improvement. After referral to a pain management specialist, the patient had temporary relief of symptoms following bilateral hypogastric plexus blocks. With these favorable but temporary results, a permanent spinal cord stimulator was implanted, with sustained symptom relief. CONCLUSION: spinal cord stimulation may offer a new treatment for women with intractable neuropathic vulvar pain.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/15. endometriosis in the Bartholin gland.A case of endometriosis infiltrating the Bartholin gland is presented. The initial diagnosis was a Bartholin gland cyst. The clinical diagnosis was made during the operation when chocolate-colored fluid poured into operation field. laparoscopy was done during the same operation and minimal endometriosis was found. The presence of endometriosis may be considered as a diagnosis in cases with cystic mass in the Bartholin gland and laparoscopy might be performed to rule out the presence of intraperitoneal endometriosis if a woman is infertile.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 7keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/15. Fibrocystic disease of vulvar ectopic breast tissue. Case report and review of the literature.INTRODUCTION: Mammary glands located in the vulvar region have been named as ectopic breast tissue or anogenital mammary glands by different authors. literature on pathologies of ectopic breast tissue located in the vulvar region is rare. Most of the reports are about the malignancies arising from this ectopic tissue. CASE REPORT: We report a case of fibrocystic disease of the mammary glands in the vulva in a 25-year-old pregnant woman. Her disease was exaggerated during pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Ectopic breast tissue in the vulva is a rare entity and fibrocystic disease of this tissue has rarely been reported in the English literature.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/15. Wolf in sheep's clothing: advanced Kaposi sarcoma mimicking vulvar abscess.Kaposi sarcoma is a vascular neoplastic disorder that is associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The causative factor in Kaposi sarcoma is human herpes virus-8. This complication of AIDS has a predilection for homosexual males and is rarely associated with the female AIDS population. However, we present a case of Kaposi sarcoma mimicking the benign and common Bartholin gland abscess. A search of the literature including the medline database revealed a single report of Kaposi sarcoma presenting as a vulvar mass, but not as a suspected Bartholin abscess. The history, presentations, risk factors, and treatments available for Kaposi sarcoma are also discussed in this report.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/15. Primary vulvar nocardiosis.BACKGROUND: Nocardiosis is an uncommon disease, and the primary skin infection is usually at the site of a recent injury. nocardia is a saprophytic bacterium of the soil belonging to the order actinomycetales. CASE: A 68-year-old woman presented with a painful, hard, dark reddish lesion located in the right hemivulva. She had been treated by radiotherapy for a vulvar leiomyosarcoma arising from the left Bartholin gland at the age of 45. pathology results demonstrated nocardial infection, initially advanced despite antibiotic therapy. The necrosis extended to and involved the ischiopubic bone, requiring extensive surgical treatment. We performed a radical vulvectomy with partial pubic bone excision to remove the necrotic tissue. A transverse gracilis-myocutaneous free flap was used for vulvar reconstruction. Wound necrosis recurrence required a rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap reconstruction, with an excellent final result. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of primary vulvar nocardiosis. This infection may simulate advanced vulvar carcinoma requiring extensive surgical treatment.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/15. Benign enlargement of the labia minora: report of two cases.2 cases of bilateral hypertrophy of the labia minora are recorded. The patients presented with vulvar discomfort and redundant labia and reduction vulvoplasty was carried out. The resected specimens showed marked hyperplasia of the non-hair-bearing sebaceous glands, acanthosis, keratosis, and hyperpigmentation of the epithelium and a variable degree of neoangiogenesis and fibrosis in the upper dermis. No cause was established clinically or pathologically. The etiology and pathogenesis of this condition are briefly discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/15. hidradenitis suppurativa of the anogenital region: response to isotretinoin.hidradenitis suppurativa, a chronic relapsing disease of apocrine gland-bearing areas, most frequently occurs in the axillae, groin, perineal, and perianal regions. Hidradenitis of vulva is frequently misdiagnosed and inadequately treated. The case of a 15-year-old nulliparous black female adolescent referred for evaluation of multiple draining fistulas of the anogenital region is presented. Diagnostic studies for granulomatous disease were negative. Results of a barium enema were normal and biopsies were compatible with the diagnosis of hidradenitis suppurativa. She was treated for 22 weeks with isotretinoin, 1 mg/kg daily, with an excellent response. Side effects were minor and included cheilitis, mild xerosis, and a transient elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase levels. Few patients with severe hidradenitis have been responsive to this synthetic vitamin a derivative. A review of the literature indicates that the results of treatment with isotretinoin for hidradenitis have been at best equivocal. isotretinoin should never be used during pregnancy because of known teratogenic effects. women of childbearing age must use effective contraception during treatment.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/15. A nonpuerperal traumatic vulvar hematoma.A case is presented where a nonpuerperal traumatic vulvar hematoma was initially mistaken for a Bartholin's gland duct abscess. Since the treatment may be different, the importance of clinical differentiation between these two entities is stressed. Proper management of the vulvar hematomas involves bed rest, close observation, and early surgical intervention only when absolutely necessary. patients with significant vulvar hematomas should be hospitalized and closely followed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/15. mucocele-like changes in bartholin's glands.Two cases are described in which changes identical to those of oral mucocele occurred in bartholin's glands. The histopathology, histochemistry, and pathogenesis are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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