1/141. Cataracts, bilateral macular holes, and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment induced by lightning.PURPOSE: To report ocular injuries, including a unilateral rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, induced by lightning. METHOD: Case report. A 30-year-old man was injured by lightning. RESULTS: The patient developed a severe decrease in visual acuity in both eyes, an afferent pupillary defect in his left eye, bilateral cataracts, posterior vitreous detachments, macular holes, and an inferotemporal retinal detachment with an associated flap retinal tear in his left eye. CONCLUSIONS: This is a case of bilateral cataracts, posterior vitreous detachments, macular holes, and a unilateral retinal detachment associated with lightning. We postulate that the heating of the retinal surface, the concussive forces on the eye, and a sudden lateral contraction of the attached vitreous resulted in bilateral posterior vitreous detachments and a unilateral peripheral retinal break.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = visual (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/141. Visual field change in eyes with retinal pigment epithelial tear.PURPOSE: To study the effects of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) deprivation on retinal sensitivity with serial automated static perimetry in cases of RPE tear involving the foveal area. methods: Two eyes with a tear of the RPE were diagnosed as such on biomicroscopic and fluorescein angiographic examination. Static perimetry was performed in the follow-up study with the Humphrey field analyzer central 10-2 program. RESULTS: The first patient showed a dense scotoma corresponding to a defect in the RPE, which showed mild deterioration throughout the follow-up period from 2-11 weeks after the development of RPE tear. In contrast, the second patient showed preserved visual acuity and an absence of central visual field defects, despite an apparently denuded bruch membrane involving the fovea during 8-month follow-up. CONCLUSION: Apparent RPE defect in eyes with RPE tears may or may not be associated with severe visual field defects. The pathophysiology of the disease should be studied, considering these perimetric findings.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3.1780199591793keywords = visual, sensitivity, contrast (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/141. choroidal neovascularization following macular hole surgery.BACKGROUND: Retinal pigment epitheliopathy, a recognized finding in eyes that have undergone macular hole surgery, may limit visual outcome and predispose to the development of choroidal neovascularization (CNV). This study reports on the features and outcomes of CNV following otherwise successful surgery for idiopathic macular holes. methods: Case series including three eyes of two patients who developed CNV following macular hole surgery. RESULTS: choroidal neovascularization developed 3 to 30 months after macular hole surgery. The CNV was crescent-shaped, surrounding a central area of retinal pigment epithelial mottling that corresponded to the site of the macular hole in all three cases. All neovascular membranes were adjacent to the fovea and were associated with substantial leakage of fluorescein. The macular hole remained closed in all cases. CONCLUSION: choroidal neovascularization is a rare complication following macular hole surgery. Retinal pigment epitheliopathy and defects in the Bruch's membrane, pre-existing or secondary to surgery, may be predisposing factors.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = visual (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/141. Giant retinal tears resulting from eye gouging in rugby football.A 29 year old myopic man sustained two separate giant retinal tears in his right eye following deliberate eye gouging during a rugby tackle. These were successfully repaired by vitrectomy and intraocular silicone oil injection. Although the postoperative course was complicated by pupil block glaucoma, he regained corrected visual acuity of 6/5 after oil removal. This injury highlights the potentially sight threatening nature of this type of rugby injury and the importance of early referral for specialist treatment.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = visual (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/141. Evaluation of patients with visual field defects following macular hole surgery using multifocal electroretinography.PURPOSE: To investigate patients with visual field defects following macular hole surgery to determine the cause of such defects, specifically with reference to ischemic damage versus mechanical trauma. methods: Five patients with known visual field defects following macular hole surgery were studied with Goldmann perimetry, Humphrey automated perimetry, and multifocal electroretinography (MERG). Three patients returned at a later date for nerve fiber layer analysis. RESULTS: None of the five patients demonstrated evidence of a- or b-wave loss on MERG in the regions corresponding to the visual field defects. Two of three patients studied with the nerve fiber layer analyzer demonstrated significant loss of nerve fiber layer thickness in the quadrant corresponding to the field defect. CONCLUSION: The normal MERG results indicate that the possibility of an arteriolar occlusion as the principal cause for the defects is unlikely in most cases. Data suggest that the site of damage is in the nerve fiber layer, although the specific cause of this damage remains to be determined.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 7keywords = visual (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/141. Quantitative measurements of changes of idiopathic stage 3 macular holes after vitrectomy using confocal scanning laser tomography.PURPOSE: To perform quantitative three-dimensional analysis of changes of idiopathic full-thickness stage 3 macular holes following vitrectomy and gas tamponade using confocal scanning laser tomography to study the mechanism of repairing the holes and to correlate with visual recovery. methods: We studied 44 patients, 10 men and 34 women, aged between 40 and 76 years (mean 65.5 years) with stage 3 macular holes with symptoms of 1-4 months' duration (mean 2.7 months). Using the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph, we measured the macular area within 1 week before surgery (3.5 /-1.6 days), and between 2 and 4 weeks (2.4 /-0.6 weeks) and at least 3 months (3.8 /-00.8 months) after surgery. RESULTS: All 44 eyes showed closure of the holes and flattening of cuff and retinal striae after vitrectomy and gas tamponade. All the eyes showed small flat depressions that corresponded to each macular hole with the area of 0.027-0.184 mm2 (0. 110 /-0.042 mm2). Thirty-nine (89%) of 44 eyes showed large concave depressions that appeared to correspond to the preoperative retinal striae, with areas of 0.844 to 5.563 mm2 (3.688 /-1.263 mm2). The areas of the postoperative small depressions and large depressions were significantly correlated with the area, volume, and depth of the macular holes and the area of the cuff and retinal striae prior to treatment. Postoperative visual acuity showed significant correlations with the areas of the postoperative small depressions and large depressions. CONCLUSIONS: Confocal scanning laser tomography is potentially useful as a noninvasive diagnostic technique for quantitative measurements of changes of macular holes by vitrectomy and gas tamponade. Postoperative small depressions corresponding to the healed macular holes appeared to be caused by gliosis involving sealing of the holes. The large depressions and their concave shape may result from postoperative changes of the retina, including swelling of ganglion cells and loss of outer and inner segments of photoreceptor cells in regions of preoperative cuff and retinal striae.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = visual (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/141. Amsler grid examination and optical coherence tomography of a macular hole caused by accidental Nd:YAG laser injury.PURPOSE: To compare a macular hole from accidental Nd:YAG laser injury with idiopathic macular holes. methods: Case report. In a 24-year-old man with accidental Nd:YAG laser injury, right eye, Amsler grid testing and optical coherence tomography were performed. RESULTS: Nd:YAG laser injury was responsible for a macular hole about 700 microm in diameter. The visual acuity was 20/100. Amsler grid testing displayed a central scotoma with no surrounding distortion. Optical coherence tomography showed a defect in all retinal layers at the macula. CONCLUSION: The scotoma caused by Nd:YAG laser injury is not surrounded by distortion; the hole is produced by the defect of all retinal layers. In contrast, idiopathic macular holes generally produce a pincushion pattern on Amsler grid testing and have no tissue loss.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.0068750718483keywords = visual, contrast (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/141. Early rhegmatogenous retinal detachment following laser in situ keratomileusis for high myopia.PURPOSE: Four eyes had early rhegmatogenous retinal detachment within 3 months of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for correction of high myopia using the microkeratome, Clear Corneal Molder. methods: In two eyes, retinal detachment resulted from horseshoe tears, one occurring in an otherwise normal region of the retina and the other at the margin of an area of lattice degeneration detected during preoperative examination. The first eye was treated with retinopexy using a 287 encircling scleral exoplant, drainage of subretinal fluid, and laser photocoagulation by indirect ophthalmoscopy. The other eye was treated with pneumatic retinopexy and cryotherapy. In the other eyes, retinal detachment was the result of giant tears with no evidence of prior retinal degeneration. These eyes were treated with pars plana vitrectomy, fluid-gas exchange with 15% perfluoropropane (C3F8), endolaser photocoagulation, and a 42 encircling scleral exoplant. RESULTS: After treatment, the first two eyes achieved spectacle-corrected visual acuity of 20/40. In the last two eyes, final spectacle-corrected visual acuity was 20/400 in one eye and light perception in the other. CONCLUSIONS: Although no cause-effect relationship between LASIK and retinal detachment can be stated, these cases suggest that LASIK may be associated with retinal detachment, particularly in highly myopic eyes. Further studies are necessary to determine high-risk patient characteristics.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = visual (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/141. Foveal pseudocyst as the first step in macular hole formation: a prospective study by optical coherence tomography.OBJECTIVE: To establish the natural history of a series of impending macular holes presenting as foveal pseudocysts using optical coherence tomography (OCT). DESIGN: In a prospective observational case series, patients exhibiting a foveal pseudocyst on biomicroscopy were examined with OCT and were followed up for 3 to 26 months (mean, 9.4 months) PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-two eyes of 20 consecutive patients examined for a macular hole in the fellow eye or reporting visual symptoms in only one eye, in whom a foveal pseudocyst was diagnosed on OCT. methods: In all cases, fundus biomicroscopy and OCT findings were compared. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Biomicroscopic fundoscopy, OCT scans, and visual acuity. RESULTS: Eight foveal pseudocysts occurred in the fellow eye of an eye with a macular hole, and 14 were diagnosed in patients with unilateral visual symptoms. In four of the 22 eyes, the macula was considered normal on biomicroscopy. In the 18 others, biomicroscopy detected a foveal pseudocyst, radial striae, a yellow spot or ring, or a combination of these findings. No posterior vitreous detachment was seen on biomicroscopy in any of the eyes. On OCT, the cystoid space occupied the inner part of the foveal tissue in the stage 1A impending hole; a stage 1B impending hole corresponded to a cystoid space that extended posteriorly, disrupting the outer retinal layer. During the follow-up period, three pseudocysts evolved into full-thickness macular holes, four turned into lamellar holes, seven resolved completely after detachment of the posterior hyaloid, and eight remained unchanged for a long time. CONCLUSIONS: Foveal pseudocysts are a specific entity occurring either as a primary ocular involvement or in the fellow eye of an eye with a macular hole. Foveal pseudocysts are the first step of full thickness macular hole formation, but they also may evolve into a lamellar hole, may persist unchanged for months, or may resolve completely. Foveal pseudocyst formation may be the result of the incomplete separation of the vitreous cortex at the foveal center and the particular structure of the foveal Muller cells.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3keywords = visual (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/141. Macular hole after laser in situ keratomileusis and photorefractive keratectomy.PURPOSE: To describe three myopic patients who developed unilateral macular hole after undergoing bilateral laser in situ keratomileusis or photorefractive keratectomy. methods: case reports. RESULTS: Three eyes of three myopic patients developed a macular hole in one eye after bilateral laser in situ keratomileusis or photorefractive keratectomy. The macular hole formed between 4 to 7 weeks after laser in situ keratomileusis in case 1 (a 48-year-old woman), and within 2 months after laser in situ keratomileusis in case 2 (a 36-year-old woman). In case 3 (a 45-year-old man), the macular hole was found 9 months after photorefractive keratectomy. A vitrectomy closed the macular hole of case 1 with final best-corrected visual acuity of 20/25 and case 2 with 20/30, whereas case 3 declined further surgery. CONCLUSION: A macular hole may develop in myopic eyes after laser in situ keratomileusis or photorefractive keratectomy. Vitreoretinal interface changes may play a role.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = visual (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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