11/33. autopsy proven sporadic frontotemporal dementia due to microvacuolar-type histology, with onset at 21 years of age.We describe the clinical, neuropsychological, and neuropathological features of a 21 year old woman with frontotemporal dementia (FTD). The early presentation was of florid behavioural change involving hyperactivity and disinhibition. Magnetic resonance imaging and single photon emission computed tomography of the brain revealed atrophy and severe functional abnormalities of the frontal and temporal lobes, respectively. Electroencephalogram was normal. At autopsy, there was gross frontotemporal brain atrophy and the underlying histology was of a microvacuolar-type degeneration; no tau or ubiquitin immunoreactive, intraneuronal inclusions were seen. There was no family history of dementia and no mutation in the tau gene. We believe this patient represents the youngest (so far) recorded case of FTD associated with this particular histological form of the disorder.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
12/33. brain tumor and psychiatric manifestations: a case report and brief review.brain tumors may present multiple psychiatric symptoms such as depression, personality change, abulia, auditory and visual hallucinations, mania, panic attacks, or amnesia. A case of a 79-year-old woman who presented with depressive symptoms but showed minimal neurological signs and symptoms is discussed. neuroimaging revealed a brain tumor in the left parietal lobe, and patient underwent neurosurgical treatment and subsequently received chemotherapy and radiation. Some patients with neurologically silent brain tumors may present with psychiatric symptoms only. Therefore, we emphasize the consideration of neuroimaging in patients with a change in mental status regardless of a lack of neurological symptoms.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
13/33. Psychotic behavior after right hemispheric cerebrovascular accident: a case report.A 64-year-old man developed hallucinations, delusions, and agitation after a right hemispheric cerebrovascular accident (CVA) in the occipital, inferior temporal, and parietal regions of the posterior cerebral artery. A review of the literature suggests that psychotic behavior is rare after CVA, but when such behavior does occur, the lesion is usually in the right hemisphere. Two clinical presentations are seen. One presentation involves patients free of chronic disease who develop episodic psychotic behavior at a time remote from their CVA. Electroencephalogram often demonstrates epileptogenic foci, and these patients often improve with anticonvulsant medication. Another presentation involves patients with one or more chronic diseases, often resulting in brain atrophy, who display continuous abnormal behavior soon after their CVA; these patients respond variably to antipsychotic agents.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
14/33. Auditory hallucinations after right temporal gyri resection.The authors present a case study on the development of auditory hallucinations secondary to right temporal lobe damage. Surgical resection in the study patient was of the right superficial middle and inferior temporal gyri. carbamazepine at a dosage of 800 mg daily was the most effective medication used. A multidisciplinary approach involving the neurosurgeon, psychiatrist, family, and rehabilitation specialist is necessary in managing the psychiatric sequelae of brain injury.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 55.870725509098keywords = brain injury, brain, injury (Clic here for more details about this article) |
15/33. Use of a polyethylene body jacket to prevent feeding tube removal in an agitated patient with anoxic encephalopathy.Maintaining a feeding tube in place in the agitated patient following a traumatic brain injury or anoxic encephalopathy is a familiar problem. However, a survey of the literature employing the medline system provided no solutions. This case study of a 36-yr-old patient with anoxic encephalopathy illustrates a new method of preventing feeding tube removal using a modified polyethylene body jacket. The patient had repeatedly pulled out his gastrostomy tube despite the use of four-way restraints, a posey, behavior modification and anti-psychotic medications at levels near sedation. A polyethylene jacket with an S-shaped tunnel for feeding tube exit was constructed to cover the abdomen. Findings: 1) The patient was unable to disturb the feeding tube. 2) The recessed design of the jacket's tunnel did not traumatize the feeding tube or obstruct fluid flow. 3) nursing staff encountered no problems in placing or removing the orthosis. 4) skin integrity was maintained. 5) The orthosis did not interfere with therapies.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 162.13238272042keywords = traumatic brain injury, brain injury, traumatic brain, brain, injury, trauma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
16/33. Finding the person behind the pain: chronic pain management in a patient with traumatic brain injury.chronic pain is common after a traumatic brain injury. Cognitive impairment post injury may be a consequence of the brain injury alone, or in combination with pain, clinical depression, and psychological and emotional factors. We present a case of a severely cognitively impaired person post-traumatic brain injury, whose behavior included social withdrawal, irritability, and agitation around direct care--which was unresponsive to psychotropic intervention or care delivery strategies. The introduction of an opioid made a significant improvement in the cognition and quality of life of the individual. This case suggests that clinicians should consider a trial of opioid analgesics in individuals with brain injury who have significant cognitive impairment in association with other behaviors suggestive of depression and pain.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1084.7884761281keywords = traumatic brain injury, brain injury, traumatic brain, brain, injury, trauma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
17/33. Slow progressive bilateral posterior artery infarction presenting as agitated delirium, complicated with Anton's syndrome.Three patients presented with an acute agitated delirium as the earliest sign of bilateral posterior cerebral artery infarction. All patients showed a unique slow progressive deterioration with a remarkably long interval between the first neuropsychological and subsequent visual and neurological symptoms, ranging from 3 to 30 days. Repeated CT scans demonstrated hypodensities in the posterior artery territory only after a long interval of 9-12 days, in case 3, and between 33 and 48 days in case 2. In the latter case MRI was still negative 33 days after onset. In 2 patients the cortical blindness was complicated with anosognosia for blindness. Clinical condition worsened progressively in all patients, leading to death, probably due to brainstem infarction. In all 3, the combination of clinical and radiological findings indicated a 'top of the basilar' distribution, which could be confirmed in two by autopsy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
18/33. Treatment of the agitated patient with an organic brain disorder.Agitated patients with organic brain disorders represent relatively common diagnostic and management problems. Therapeutic failures usually result from a failure to understand the patient's disturbed behavior, the staff's emotional response to the patient's behavior, or neglect of the biological cause and ineffective use of medication. Effective management depends on continued monitoring of the patient's mental status and physical condition.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.5keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
19/33. Neuropharmacologic management of behavior sequelae in head injury: a case report.A patient with traumatic head injury was confused, agitated, and belligerent. Initial treatment with sedatives (diazepam) and antipsychotics (haloperidol and thioridazine hydrochloride) did not diminish this irritability or destructive behavior. A single case experimental methodology was adopted to evaluate the behavioral response to other sequentially introduced neuroactive drugs. methylphenidate produced increased agitation. No response was noted to propranolol. lithium, however, was associated with significant calming of the patient, successful completion of rehabilitation, and discharge to home where the patient safely cared for himself while his wife worked.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.2980237170749keywords = injury, trauma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
20/33. buspirone and agitation in head injury.Recovery from head injury is long process. Agitation is a well-known stage in the recovery. Unfortunately, patients in agitation are often unable to participate in rehabilitation programmes and disrupt the rehabilitation ward activities. Several medications have been used in the treatment of agitation. The following is a report of the patient treated with a new medication, buspirone, in the treatment of agitation. Two other patients responded to buspirone. Their agitation did not recur after the medication was stopped. A causal effect could not clearly be documented except in this case.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.2969146919046keywords = injury (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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