1/17. Treatment of vocally disruptive behaviour of multifactorial aetiology.OBJECTIVE: To describe the treatment of vocally disruptive behaviour (VDB) of multifactorial aetiology. METHOD: Three case reports were used to illustrate the treatment of multifactorial VDB. RESULTS: A biopsychosocial assessment is required to identify the different aetiologies involved and the way they interact. Acute medical and psychiatric factors may demand that interventions are introduced simultaneously rather than in succession. CONCLUSION: Successful interventions require the combination of biopsychosocial strategies tailored to the individual case with realistic goals that include the acceptance of a residual level of VDB as a reasonable outcome.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = behaviour (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/17. The use of music and colour theory as a behaviour modifier.For many centuries various aspects of healing have been linked to the use of the arts, in particular music and colour because of their innate ability to bring about a mental, emotional and physical calmness. Although much has been written on the use of colour and music as relaxants specifically within a nursing/medical context, there appears to be little information available as to why music and colour have this calming effect. This article examines music and colour as relaxants by briefly describing the neurological and physical mechanisms that bring about the effect of relaxation. This brief exploration is placed within the context of learning disability care. The aim is to provide ideas for a more peaceful and relaxing environment for an adult with learning disabilities who also has autism and exhibits severe challenging behaviour. The results of a small case study and implications for other areas of nursing are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = behaviour (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/17. Managing acutely disturbed behaviour.Managing acutely disturbed behaviour is difficult, particularly in environments which are not designed for dealing with such conduct. An understanding of factors which can lead to this behaviour and clear management policies and procedures are needed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.2keywords = behaviour (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/17. Improvement in sundowning in dementia with lewy bodies after treatment with donepezil.Sundowning, manifested as a recurring increase in restlessness and agitation in the evening, is described in a 71-year-old man with clinically diagnosed dementia with lewy bodies. An objective measure of activity using the activity electronic monitoring technique indicated a marked increase in activity level during the evening compared to earlier in the day. After treatment with donepezil, a cholinesterase inhibitor, ratings of behavioural symptoms improved. In addition, there was a marked reduction in evening activity and an increase in daytime activity. cognition and parkinsonism also improved. Possible explanations for this finding are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = behaviour (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/17. Functional analysis of challenging behaviour in dementia: the role of superstition.BACKGROUND: Intervention for challenging behaviour of residents living in care homes is a neglected area of research. Pharmacological methods of management are widespread, although support for their efficacy is, on the whole, poor. AIMS: There is little research on non-pharmacological methods of management and the present study aimed to add to the small literature in this area, by examining the meaning of behaviour for a given resident, within a functional analytic experimental framework. methods: The study involved a systematic manipulation of specific trigger situations to evaluate their influence on challenging behaviour, using a single case experimental design. RESULTS: Five residents with agitated and aggressive behaviour were successfully managed. The difficulties in engaging staff in the use of non-pharmacological, rather than pharmacological, methods and the scope for future randomised trials using psychological and environmental interventions to manage challenging behaviour, are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.8keywords = behaviour (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/17. meningioma of the fourth ventricle presenting with intermittent behaviour disorders: a case report and review of the literature.Intraventricular meningiomas are rare, representing 0.5-5% of all intracranial meningiomas. They arise mostly within the lateral ventricles and more rarely in the third ventricle. Meningiomas of the fourth ventricle are exceptional. They are clearly defined as meningiomas arising from the choroid plexus and lying strictly within the fourth ventricle. We report a 76 year old male patient presenting with a 2-week history of headache and cognitive disorders with agitation and restlessness particularly exacerbated at night or when lying down. CT scan and MR imaging showed a contrast-enhancing lesion located purely within the whole fourth ventricle, with slight ventricular enlargement. At surgery, we totally removed a well-vascularised, greyish encapsulated mass attached to the choroid plexus. Pathological examination revealed a WHO grade I fibroblastic meningioma. We reviewed the literature concerning this unusual meningioma location.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.8keywords = behaviour (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/17. Use of antecedent control to improve the outcome of rehabilitation for a client with frontal lobe injury and intolerance for auditory and tactile stimuli.KM, a single 23-year-old male, sustained a severe traumatic brain injury in a motor vehicle accident. Aggressive and uncooperative behaviour, resulting from the client's cognitive deficits and hypersensitivity to stimuli, made him unmanageable in a subacute rehabilitation setting. Minimizing sources of agitation reduced the client's outbursts and facilitated the completion of functional tasks, such as bathing and dressing. Modifying his environment also increased the client's participation in social and leisure activities. These changes improved the outcome of the client's rehabilitation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = behaviour (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/17. Agitation assessment in severe traumatic brain injury: methodological and clinical issues.The aim of this single case study was to evaluate the applicability of a graphic and statistical time-series analyses in the observation of an agitation disturbance in a 16-year-old patient who had sustained a severe traumatic brain injury. The agitation was measured using the Agitated Behaviour Scale. The experimental model was of the A-B type: phase A corresponded to the period of vegetative state, and phase B to the period following the reawakening from coma. The data were submitted to visual and statistical analysis by the split-middle trend line method, function of autocorrelation, and C statistic. The results show the different nature and frequency of the agitated behaviour during the vegetative state and after reawakening from coma. The application of a statistical analysis to establish whether the behavioural disturbance is random or a response to the environment allows the adoption of specific and potentially more efficacious treatments.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.4keywords = behaviour (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/17. Beneficial behavioural effects of lamotrigine in traumatic brain injury.Anti-convulsant medications have been employed to treat behavioural disorders resulting from traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, there is a paucity of literature investigating the use of lamotrigine to treat aggression and agitation in patients with TBI. In a single case study design, the present study examined the effectiveness of lamotrigine to treat aggressive and agitated behaviour in a 40-year-old male who sustained a severe TBI. A substantial decrease in problematic behaviours and a significant improvement in neurobehavioural functioning were observed after lamotrigine treatment. This case study provides some support for the use of lamotrigine to treat aggression and agitation in patients with a TBI. Further research is needed to examine the relationship between lamotrigine and functional outcome after TBI.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.6keywords = behaviour (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/17. Behavioural disturbances in the demented elderly: phenomenology, pharmacotherapy and behavioural management.Behavioural disturbances in the demented elderly cause a significant amount of distress both to the patients and their caregivers. This article first summarizes the phenomenology associated with these disturbances. It then deals with the pharmacological methods of reducing these disturbances. Finally, it deals with some of the more recent advances in combining the insights of behavioural modification with those of neuropsychology in finding non pharmacological methods of reducing problematic behaviours. It is stressed that a combination of the two approaches is most likely to be required, and most likely to be successful, in the individual case.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.2keywords = behaviour (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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