11/1167. Iatrogenic breaks in Buuch's membrane in choroidal melanoma.Three patients with choroidal melanoma have been observed to develop subretinal hemorrhages associated with their ocular examinations. One hemorrhage appears to have been caused by transillumination, while two others have occurred during radioactive phosphorus testing. Histopathology confirms defects in Bruch's membrane through which blood or tumor cells have entered the subretinal space.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = cell (Clic here for more details about this article) |
12/1167. Tumor growth of a choroidal malignant melanoma and aqueous flare. Report of a case.We report the use of the laser flare-cell meter (LFCM) in monitoring blood-ocular barrier breakdown induced by a choroidal malignant melanoma in an 88-year-old white male, who refused enucleation or radiation treatment. During a follow-up of 16 months, aqueous flare values measured with the LFCM increased from 12.8 to 26.5 photon counts/ms with continuous tumor growth from a height of 7.9 to 18 mm. Our finding of increasing flare values with tumor growth appears to confirm the observation that aqueous flare is influenced by the size of uveal malignant melanomas. Quantification of aqueous flare with the LFCM may be helpful in the follow-up of eyes with intraocular tumors.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = cell (Clic here for more details about this article) |
13/1167. Malignant melanoma presenting as a mediastinal mass.A case of malignant melanoma presenting as a mediastinal mass without an extrathoracic primary is reported. Microscopically the tumor appeared consistent with malignant melanoma, with the presence of focal melanin pigment in large epithelioid cells. Fontana stain confirmed the presence of melanin pigment. Immunohistochemical staining further suggested melanoma, with the tumor cells expressing a HMB45 , S100 and cytokeratin-phenotype. Electron microscopy showed an abundance of melanosomes confirming the diagnosis of malignant melanoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = cell (Clic here for more details about this article) |
14/1167. Malignant melanoma of the choroid in neurofibromatosis.A 60-year-old white woman with generalized neurofibromatosis and multiple melanocytic hamartomas of the iris developed an unusual choroidal mass, with secondary sensory retinal separation in the left eye. Ophthalmoscopically the tumor had a peculiar donut configuration that was caused by a large focus of central necrosis within a spindle B melanoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.9760372102743keywords = spindle (Clic here for more details about this article) |
15/1167. Paraneoplastic opsoclonus-myoclonus secondary to malignant melanoma.Opsoclonus-myoclonus is a well-described paraneoplastic syndrome that most often occurs in association with small cell carcinoma of the lung and breast carcinoma. To the best of our knowledge, we describe the first reported case of paraneoplastic opsoclonus-myoclonus occurring is association with malignant melanoma. Antineuronal antibodies were not identified despite repeated testing. No therapeutic benefit was observed following corticosteroid administration.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = cell (Clic here for more details about this article) |
16/1167. Intraosseous epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the phalanx. Case report.We report the first case of intraosseous epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) occurring in the phalanx. The patient was a 50-year-old Japanese man with an intramedullary lytic lesion of the proximal phalanx. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of epithelioid cells or polygonal cells, forming large cell nests with central necrosis. Most tumor cells were diffusely and strongly immunopositive for S-100 protein and vimentin, and negative for cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and HMB-45. laminin-positive material was discontinuously demonstrated between the individual tumor cells. Electron microscopy showed prominent external lamina. Our case indicated that laminin is useful for differentiating epithelioid MPNST from metastatic carcinoma and malignant melanoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = cell (Clic here for more details about this article) |
17/1167. melanoma of the face and mouth in nigeria. A review and comment on three cases.The absolute incidence of melanoma at all sites in blacks is higher than is commonly credited. There is a shift in site incidence to less pigmented areas including the mucosae but oral melanoma is still rarely reported in Africans. An unusual case of facial melanoma arising in a childhood naevus, and two oral melanomas, all in Nigerians, are described. The salient clinical features and the treatment of these cases are discussed, and the possible relationship between pigmented patches and melanomas in the mouths of blacks is examined.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 84.591465721418keywords = naevus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
18/1167. Malignant melanoma showing ganglioneuroblastic differentiation: report of a unique case.We report a case of metastatic malignant melanoma in an inguinal lymph node, expressing ganglioneuroblastic differentiation. This was characterized by the presence of discrete nests and islands of large ganglion cells with abundant cytoplasm and eccentric nuclei with prominent nucleoli admixed with smaller primitive neuroblasts. The cells were separated by pale pink fibrillar material representing neuritic cell processes. These foci of ganglioneuroblastoma were seen over a background of an otherwise typical metastatic epithelioid, focally melanotic, malignant melanoma. immunohistochemistry showed positivity for neurofilament, synaptophysin, chromogranin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and glial fibrillary acidic protein in the areas with ganglioneuroblastic differentiation, but not in the melanocytic component. Conversely, HMB45 positivity was expressed by the melanocytic cells only. S-100 protein and Melan-A, a putative melanocytic marker, showed positivity in both melanocytic and ganglioneuroblastic components. Ultrastructurally, neuritic cell processes and dense core neurosecretory granules were identified in the ganglionic and neuroblastic cells. A subsequent nodal metastasis in the same region showed focal neuroblastic differentiation without the ganglionic element. No evidence of neuronal or ganglionic differentiation was seen in the primary skin melanoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 6keywords = cell (Clic here for more details about this article) |
19/1167. Tapioca melanomas of the iris: immunohistology and report on two cases.BACKGROUND: Tapioca-like tumors are rare, and their benign or malignant nature is obscure without histological work-up. We report on the clinical and histological features of different types of tumors in two patients. CASE REPORT: Two patients aged 17 and 45 years presented with brownish iris masses increasing in size. Full-thickness en bloc excision of melanocytic tumors (5.5 mm and 7.0 mm in diameter) was carried out. Histological work-up revealed a nevus cell nevus in the young patient and an epithelioid malignant melanoma in the middle-aged patient evolving from the ciliary body. Staining for HMB-45 was marked in both tumors, for S-100 low in the nevus and marked in the melanoma, and for p53 negative in the nevus and positive in the melanoma. Ki67 stains were negative. CONCLUSION: We propose that excision of anteriorly located pigmented tumors that increase in size is indicated in order to determine whether they are benign or malignant. In these case reports, tapioca-like tumors include a benign and a malignant entity. To our knowledge, a nevus cell nevus presenting as a tapioca-like tumor has not previously been described. Curative surgery and histological and immunohistological evaluation are required to characterize the malignant potential of these tumors and the prognosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = cell (Clic here for more details about this article) |
20/1167. Cutaneous melanoma-associated paraneoplastic retinopathy: histopathologic observations.PURPOSE: To describe the retinal histopathology of paraneoplastic retinopathy associated with cutaneous melanoma. methods: A 59-year-old man had visual loss attributable to paraneoplastic retinopathy and died of metastatic cutaneous melanoma. His eyes were studied by conventional histopathologic techniques. RESULTS: Histopathologic examination of both eyes disclosed a marked reduction in the density of bipolar neurons in the inner nuclear layer; photoreceptor cell neurons in the outer nuclear layer were normal. Ganglion cells were present, although many showed evidence of transsynaptic atrophy. CONCLUSION: The histopathologic changes observed are consistent with clinical, immunologic, and electrophysiologic data that implicate the bipolar cell as the major site of the paraneoplastic process in cutaneous melanoma-associated retinopathy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3keywords = cell (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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