1/22. Rare quadruple malaria infection in Irian Jaya indonesia.We report an exceptional finding from a blood slide collected in a remote area in the western half of new guinea Island (Irian Jaya Province, indonesia). One adolescent patient was found patently coinfected with all 4 known human malaria species, plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax, plasmodium malariae, and plasmodium ovale. Diagnostic erythrocytic stages of all 4 species were clearly seen in the peripheral blood. A nested polymerase chain reaction, using species-specific primer pairs to detect dna, helped substantiate this finding. Previous reports from africa, thailand, and new guinea have detected all 4 species in a population but not simultaneously in an individual with a patent, microscopically detectable infection. We believe this quadruple infection represents the first reported natural case of all 4 human malaria parasites observed concurrently in the peripheral blood from a single Giemsa-stained slide.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = ovale (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/22. Erythrocyte Fy antigen phenotyping helps differentiate so-called benign tertian malarias.Isolated cases of malaria are increasing in frequency in nonendemic countries. blood film examination remains a mainstay of diagnosis of these sporadic cases because immunologic and molecular methods are unavailable, expensive, and problematic. Two tertian malarial species, plasmodium vivax and plasmodium ovale, may appear to be similar morphologically. plasmodium ovale infection is infrequent, and misdiagnosis of this species is common. plasmodium vivax infection can be ruled out, however, if a patient's erythrocytes phenotype as Fy(a-b-), because these cells completely resist entry by the latter species.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = ovale (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/22. plasmodium ovale malaria in Delhi.A case of ovale malaria in a child from Delhi is reported. Urban malaria ecotypes caused by P. ovale has never been seen before. Characteristic morphological features of the parasite in stained blood film confirmed its identification.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 6keywords = ovale (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/22. Observations on malaria in Indonesian timor.Malaria parasitemias were found in 35% of 520 individuals from a village in Timor, indonesia. plasmodium falciparum accounted for 80% of infections. The existence of P. ovale in Timor is reported for the first time. The WHO Standard Field Test for drug resistance did not reveal significant resistance of P. falciparum or P. vivax to chloroquine.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = ovale (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/22. Parasitic procrastination: late-presenting ovale malaria and schistosomiasis.A 29-year-old woman with ovale malaria (most likely contracted, together with asymptomatic schistosomiasis, in East africa two years previously) had fever, nausea and confusion, jaundice, anaemia, thrombocytopenia, hyponatraemia and hypokalaemia. She was initially diagnosed with and treated for blood-smear-positive vivax malaria. Because of the unusual clinical presentation, blood was analysed by a malaria species-specific nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay which identified plasmodium ovale as the only infecting species. This case illustrates (i) that a detailed travel history remains a vital part of clinical assessment, (ii) ovale malaria can have an exceptionally long incubation period and features of a moderately severe acute infection, and (iii) PCR assay may prove a valuable adjunct to blood film examination in the diagnosis and speciation of malaria.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 7keywords = ovale (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/22. Malaria surveillance--united states, 1998.PROBLEM/CONDITION: Human malaria is caused by one or more of four species of intraerythrocytic protozoa of the genus Plasmodium (i.e., P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, or P. malariae). The protozoa are transmitted by the bite of an infective female anopheles species mosquito. The majority of malaria infections in the united states occur among persons who have traveled to areas with endemic transmission. Cases occasionally occur that are acquired through exposure to infected blood products, by congenital transmission, or by local mosquitoborne transmission. Malaria surveillance is conducted to identify episodes of local transmission and to guide prevention recommendations for travelers. REPORTING PERIOD: Cases with an onset of symptoms during 1998. DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM: Malaria cases confirmed by blood smear are reported to local and state health departments by health-care providers and laboratory staff members. Case investigations are conducted by local and state health departments, and reports are sent to CDC through the National Malaria Surveillance System (NMSS). This report uses NMSS data. RESULTS: CDC received reports of 1,227 cases of malaria with onsets of symptoms in 1998, among persons in the united states and its territories. This number represents a decrease of 20.5% from the 1,544 cases reported during 1997. P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale were identified in 42.8%, 37.8%, 3.5%, and 2.1% of cases, respectively. More than one species was present in seven patients (0.6% of total). The infecting species was not determined in 162 (13.2%) cases. Compared with reported cases in 1997, reported malaria cases acquired in africa increased by 1.3% (n = 706); those acquired in asia decreased by 52.1% (n = 239); and those acquired in the americas decreased by 6.5% (n = 229). Of 636 U.S. civilians who acquired malaria abroad, 126 (19.8%) reportedly had followed a chemoprophylactic drug regimen recommended by CDC for the area to which they had traveled. Five persons became infected in the united states. One case was congenitally acquired; one was acquired by blood transfusion; and three were isolated cases that could not be epidemiologically linked to another case. Four deaths were attributed to malaria. INTERPRETATION: The 20.5% decrease in malaria cases during 1998 compared with 1997 resulted primarily from decreases in P. vivax cases acquired in asia among non-U.S. civilians. This decrease could have resulted from local changes in disease transmission, decreased immigration from the region, decreased travel to the region, incomplete reporting from state and local health departments, or increased use of effective antimalarial chemoprophylaxis. In a majority of reported cases, U.S. civilians who acquired infection abroad had not taken an appropriate chemoprophylaxis regimen for the country where they acquired malaria. public health ACTIONS TAKEN: Additional information was obtained from state and local health departments and clinics concerning the four fatal cases and the five infections acquired in the united states. persons traveling to a malarious area should take a recommended chemoprophylaxis regimen and use personal protection measures to prevent mosquito bites. Any person who has been to a malarious area and subsequently develops fever or influenza-like symptoms should seek medical care immediately; the investigation should include a blood smear for malaria. Malaria infections can be fatal if not diagnosed and treated promptly. Current recommendations concerning prevention and treatment of malaria can be obtained from CDC.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = ovale (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/22. Malaria surveillance--united states, 1993.PROBLEM/CONDITION: Malaria is caused by infection with one of four species of Plasmodium (P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae), which are transmitted by the bite of an infective female anopheles sp. mosquito. Most malaria cases in the united states occur among persons who have traveled to areas (i.e., other countries) in which disease transmission is ongoing. However, cases are transmitted occasionally through exposure to infected blood products, by congenital transmission, or by local mosquito-borne transmission. Malaria surveillance is conducted to identify episodes of local transmission and to guide prevention recommendations. REPORTING PERIOD COVERED: Cases with onset of illness during 1993. DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM: Malaria cases confirmed by blood smear are reported to local and/or state health departments by health-care providers and/or laboratories. Case investigations are conducted by local and/or state health departments, and the reports are transmitted to CDC. RESULTS: CDC received reports of 1,275 cases of malaria in persons in the united states and its territories who had onset of symptoms during 1993; this number represented a 40% increase over the 910 malaria cases reported for 1992. P. vivax, P. falciparum, P. ovale, and P. malariae were identified in 52%, 36%, 4%, and 3% of cases, respectively. The species was not determined in the remaining 5% of cases. The 278 malaria cases in U.S. military personnel represented the largest number of such cases since 1972; 234 of these cases were diagnosed in persons returning from deployment in somalia during Operation Restore hope. In new york city, the number of reported cases increased from one in 1992 to 130 in 1993. The number of malaria cases acquired in africa by U.S. civilians increased by 45% from 1992; of these, 34% had been acquired in nigeria. The 45% increase primarily reflected cases reported by new york city. Of U.S. civilians who acquired malaria during travel, 75% had not used a chemoprophylactic regimen recommended by CDC for the area in which they had traveled. Eleven cases of malaria had been acquired in the united states: of these cases, five were congenital; three were induced; and three were cryptic, including two cases that were probably locally acquired mosquito-borne infections. Eight deaths were associated with malarial infection. INTERPRETATION: The increase in the reported number of malaria cases was attributed to a) the number of infections acquired during military deployment in somalia and b) complete reporting for the first time of cases from new york city. ACTIONS TAKEN: Investigations were conducted to collect detailed information concerning the eight fatal cases and the 11 cases acquired in the united states. Malaria prevention guidelines were updated and disseminated to health-care providers. persons who have a fever or influenza-like illness after returning from a malarious area should seek medical care, regardless of whether they took antimalarial chemoprophylaxis during their stay. The medical evaluation should include a blood smear examination for malaria. Malaria can be fatal if not diagnosed and treated rapidly. Recommendations concerning prevention and treatment of malaria can be obtained from CDC.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = ovale (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/22. plasmodium ovale malaria acquired in central spain.We describe a case of locally acquired plasmodium ovale malaria in spain. The patient was a Spanish woman who had never traveled out of spain and had no other risk factors for malaria. Because patients with malaria may never have visited endemic areas, occasional transmission of malaria to European hosts is a diagnostic and clinical challenge.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = ovale (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/22. Case report: plasmodium ovale infection acquired in malawi.Malaria due to plasmodium ovale is uncommon outside West africa. A 37-year-old male German who had returned from malawi four months previously presented in September 2003 because of fever recurring every two days. The patient had never been to West africa. microscopy of stained thick and thin blood films revealed P. ovale. This is the first report of a P. ovale infection acquired in malawi, East africa. Malaria surveillance centres should monitor the possible emergence of autochtonous transmission of P. ovale in the area.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 8keywords = ovale (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/22. Late relapse of plasmodium ovale malaria--philadelphia, pennsylvania, November 2004.Approximately 1,300 cases of malaria are reported each year in the united states; nearly all of these cases occur in travelers, many of whom fail to receive or adhere to prescribed chemoprophylaxis or do not follow recommendations for prevention of mosquito bites. Malaria can persist if not treated or if treated incorrectly (e.g., with an ineffective drug or an incorrect dosage of an effective drug). Early treatment is required to avoid severe illness or death. Although malaria typically becomes clinically apparent within 1 month of infection, cases can occur years after the last presumed exposure. In November 2004, CDC received a report of a late relapse of malaria in a Nigerian man aged 23 years in philadelphia, pennsylvania. His malaria was determined to have been caused by plasmodium ovale, one of the four species of Plasmodium parasite that are transmitted by mosquitoes and cause malaria. The patient had been treated for malaria in nigeria on multiple occasions, most recently 6 years before onset of his illness in the united states. This report describes the philadelphia case, which underscores the importance of taking a detailed travel and immigration history when evaluating unexplained fever and considering malaria in the differential diagnosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = ovale (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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