1/7. Hairy leukoplakia with involvement of the buccal mucosa.Oral hairy leukoplakia occurs mainly on the tongue of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons. An HIV-infected patient with hairy leukoplakia involving the tongue and buccal mucosa was studied by light and electron microscopic methods, in situ hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction. Our findings indicate that hairy leukoplakia may involve the buccal mucosa and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of white oral lesions in HIV-positive patients. Epstein-Barr virus particles were found in the epithelial cells of both buccal and tongue mucosa.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = hybridization (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/7. Subcellular distribution and life cycle of Epstein-Barr virus in keratinocytes of oral hairy leukoplakia.The authors investigated the life cycle of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in keratinocytes of oral hairy leukoplakia by combining immunohistochemistry. dna in situ hybridization, and lectin histochemistry with electron microscopy. Diffuse-staining components of the EBV early antigen complex (EA-D), EBV 150-kd capsid antigen (VCA), EBV membrane antigen (gp350/220), and double-stranded dna were labeled with monoclonal antibodies. An EBV-dna probe was used to locate EBV dna. Wheat-germ agglutinin (WGA) was employed to distinguish Golgi-associated compartments. The authors found EBV proteins and EBV dna only in keratinocytes with apparent viral assembly. in situ hybridization showed EBV dna in free corelike material and in electron-dense cores of mature nucleocapsids. Monoclonal antibodies to nonspecific double-stranded dna attached to the same structures and to marginated chromatin. Components of EA-D were dispersed throughout the nuclei but accumulated near condensed chromatin and in 'punched-out' regions of the chromatin. Epstein-Barr virus 150-kd capsid antigen was found only in the nuclei, where it appeared preferentially on mature nucleocapsids. As yet unexplained arrays of intranuclear particles that remained unlabeled with all EBV-specific probes reacted intensely with an antiserum against common papillomavirus antigen. Gp350/220 was detectable in various cellular membrane compartments and was highly concentrated on EBV envelopes in peripheral Golgi-associated secretory vesicles. It was less abundant on the extracellular EBV, indicating that viral membrane antigen partly dissociates from the mature virus. Combined lectin-binding histochemistry and electron microscopy demonstrated for the first time that EBV is processed in the golgi apparatus, which eventually releases the virus by fusion with the plasma membrane. These results provide insight into the biologic events that occur during complete EBV replication in vivo.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = hybridization (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/7. Recurrent oral condylomata acuminata and hairy leukoplakia: an early sign of myelodysplastic syndrome in an HIV-seronegative patient.Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) has been observed in all risk groups seropositive for HIV infection. Recently, this lesion has also been described in HIV-seronegative patients with immunosuppression of iatrogenic origin. We report on a hiv-1 and hiv-2 seronegative, heterosexual man affected by refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (myelodysplastic syndrome), who developed recurrent oral condylomata acuminata and OHL as an early clinical manifestation. The diagnosis of OHL was confirmed by identifying Epstein-Barr viral particles by electron microscopy and by in situ dna hybridization. HIV infection was ruled out using polymerase chain reaction and testing for hiv-1 and hiv-2 antibodies.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = hybridization (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/7. Oral hairy leukoplakia is not a specific sign of HIV-infection but related to immunosuppression in general.Oral hairy leukoplakia (HL) has been regarded as an early sign of HIV infection, and its clinical importance related to the poor outcome of the patients has been emphasized. Initially, HL was observed exclusively among male homosexuals, but subsequently demonstrated in all risk groups of HIV infection. The patient described in this article suggests that oral HL is not specific for HIV infection per se, but may be associated with immunosuppression also due to other causes. We describe an HIV-seronegative, heterosexual man suffering from an acute myeloblastic leukemia, who developed clinically and histologically typical HL while on cytostatics. biopsy showed areas with characteristic ballooning cells, and hyphae of yeasts were demonstrated with PAS-stain. Using the in situ hybridization technique, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) dna with high copy numbers was disclosed in the superficial and intermediate cells, whereas human papillomavirus (HPV) dna (types 6, 11, 16, 18) was not present.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = hybridization (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/7. Oral hairy leukoplakia in an HIV-negative renal transplant recipient.Oral hairy leukoplakia (HL) has been seen exclusively in those infected with HIV or at risk for AIDS. This case report describes an example of HL seen in a renal transplant recipient who was negative for HIV on serology and culture. The diagnosis of HL was confirmed using in situ hybridization for EBV dna.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = hybridization (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/7. EBV and HSV infections in a patient who had undergone bone marrow transplantation: oral manifestations and diagnosis by in situ nucleic acid hybridization.The course of infections with herpes simplex virus and Epstein-Barr virus in an immunosuppressed patient who had undergone bone marrow transplantation and had tested seronegative for human immunodeficiency virus is described. The clinical oral manifestations were unusual, as they included hairy leukoplakia-like lesions and extensive mucosal ulceration. Histologic examination disclosed unique features consisting of both lichenoid and viral cytopathic changes. The association of the lesions with both Epstein-Barr virus and herpes simplex virus was confirmed by in situ hybridization histochemistry. The importance of recognition of the symptoms, specific diagnosis by dna hybridization, and implications for antiviral prophylaxis and therapy are emphasized.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 6keywords = hybridization (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/7. Oral hairy leukoplakia in a HIV-negative renal transplant patient: a marker for immunosuppression?We report the case of a 58-year-old renal transplant patient who developed oral hairy leukoplakia. Examination for hiv-1 and hiv-2 infection was negative. biopsy of the lateral tongue showed ballooned prickle cells and electron microscopy revealed herpes-type viruses. in situ hybridization and examinations with the Southern blot technique yielded Epstein-Barr virus. serology for Epstein-Barr virus was reactive. Immunological investigation of the patient showed a marked decrease of T-helper and T-suppressor cells as the result of immunosuppressive regimen. Oral hairy leukoplakia may be a marker for severe immunosuppression but is not necessarily associated with HIV infection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = hybridization (Clic here for more details about this article) |