1/5. diagnostic imaging of hyaline membrane disease.The case of a premature infant with hyaline membrane disease (respiratory distress syndrome) is discussed. On chest X-ray reduced volume and transparency of both lungs with ground-glass appearance and presence of bilateral air bronchogram was visualized. These findings are analyzed with respect to possible diagnostic alternatives.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = chest (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/5. Air embolism and pulmonary interstitial emphysema in a preterm infant with hyaline membrane disease.A preterm infant with severe hyaline membrane disease requiring extreme mechanical ventilation developed pulmonary air leaks with consecutive shock. The chest roentgenogram showed bilateral pulmonary interstitial emphysema and gas within the heart silhouette as well as in the hepatic veins, inferior v. cava, portal vein, and many abdominal vessels. The respiratory and circulatory failure by massive systemic gas embolism resulted in death.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = chest (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/5. Increased hypoxemia in neonates secondary to the use of continuous positive airway pressure.Five neonates are presented who, while receiving continuous transpulmonary pressure, developed increased systemic arterial hypoxemia, which was relieved when this therapeutic modality was decreased or discontinued. Three of the five had chest radiographs consistent with hyaline membrane disease: the other two had atypical radiographs. None had evidence of air leaks. Levels of positive airway pressure utilized when the hypoxemia was noted ranged from 5 to 15 cm H2O. Calculated shunt fractions (Qs/Qt) improved from a mean of 73% to 37% when the continuous positive airway pressure was lowered. The site of shunting in these infants could have been in the lung or through anatomic extrapulmonary shunts. Improvement in total cardiac output may also have contributed to the improved oxygenation. This paradoxical effect of continuous transpulmonary pressure appears to be mediated through changes in the pulmonary vascular resistance brought about by the continuous transpulmonary pressure.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = chest (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/5. Partial bronchial stenosis following inadvertent right bronchial intubation in a neonate.This case reports difficulties encountered in weaning a premature infant with bronchopulmonary dysplasia from prolonged mechanical ventilation. On chest X-ray alternating atelectasis and hyperinflation of the right lung were observed. This resulted from a short episode of misplaced endotracheal tube that produced a traumatic bronchial stenosis. Treatment by prednisolone allowed the detubation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = chest (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/5. bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a case report.An unusual case of an extremely low birth weight and very preterm infant who developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia is presented. She required artificial (assisted) ventilation via a manual ambubag using a maximum concentration of 60% O2. Despite previous reports implicating mechanical ventilators and elevated peak airway pressures greater than 35cm of water, our infant still developed the disease with O2 delivery from an ambubag. Outcome was favourable. At 16 1/2 months follow-up, she appeared neurologically normal, and despite her prolonged neonatal respiratory problem, had not been troubled by chest disease or hospital readmissions. The observed etiopathogenesis is worthy of consideration in the 'developing world'.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = chest (Clic here for more details about this article) |