11/17. Expulsive choroidal haemorrhage--a clinical and pathological review.This paper describes two cases of expulsive choroidal haemorrhage (ECH) where the final corrected visual acuity was 6/5. The management of one case consisted simply of vitrectomy; and the other of suprachoroidal drainage of blood followed by vitrectomy. The pathological findings in a series of eyes enucleated following ECH are also described. The literature is reviewed with regard to the aetiology, pathology and management of ECH.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
12/17. Spontaneous intracorneal haemorrhage.We describe the unusual complication of spontaneous intracorneal haemorrhage in a patient who used an extended-wear contact lens. This was severe enough to cause corneal blood staining and ulceration which required surgical intervention.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
13/17. Arguments for a vascular glaucoma etiology.A material of Open Angle glaucoma (G) collected by an eye practitioner (B S) from 1980 to 1991 is analysed with special respect to the occurrence of disc haemorrhages (Hs) and retinal vein occlusions (VOs). There is a close association between Hs and VOs and G, which in all categories increases with increasing follow-up time. Furthermore, the occurrence of mixed cases--H in one eye and VO in the same or the other--support the opinion that Hs, branch vein occlusions and central vein occlusions are manifestations of the same vascular disease, the difference between them being the size of the vessel affected. The well known morphological changes in the retinal veins of glaucomas and in central vein occlusions are endothelial proliferations causing progressive increase of flow resistance. Similar changes most probably also cause branch occlusions and disc haemorrhages. The vascular affection which obstructs the vessels with hindrance of the blood flow and impaired nutrition of neuronal tissue, might be the primary cause of glaucoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.4keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
14/17. The pathogenesis of polychromatic cholesterol crystals in the anterior chamber.PURPOSE: Polychromatic cholesterol crystal of the anterior chamber are an interesting and unusual finding. This paper examines the different pathogenetic mechanisms leading to the formation of these clinically detectable anterior chamber crystals. methods: Three aetiologically different cases which exhibited polychromatic crystals in the anterior chamber were reviewed. Aqueous samples were examined by wet field microscopy in all cases and additionally by electron microscopy in one of these. One enucleated globe was available for histopathology. RESULTS: Typical highly refringent cholesterol crystals were identified in the aqueous of all cases. In the first case, the cholesterol crystals developed following the breakdown of vitreous and anterior chamber haemorrhage. In the second case, the cholesterol appeared to derive from the subretinal fluid of a chronic total retinal detachment in the absence of any intraocular haemorrhage. The cholesterol crystals of the final case resulted from phacolysis and were associated with a marked neutrophil response and the presence of proteinaceous crystals consistent with the crystallins. CONCLUSIONS: Anterior chamber cholesterolosis is a secondary phenomenon that always occurs as a result of an ocular disease process. Although the prognosis is dismal for chronically diseased eyes displaying cholesterol crystals in the anterior chamber, the prognosis for eyes with phacolysis may be excellent.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.4keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
15/17. Sub-Tenon's anaesthesia: an efficient and safe technique.AIM: To evaluate sub-Tenon's anaesthesia as an alternative to peribulbar anaesthesia. methods: 109 consecutive patients listed for various eye operations (including cataract, trabeculectomy, and vitrectomy) under peribulbar anaesthesia were operated on under sub-Tenon's anaesthesia instead. After topical anaesthesia a buttonhole was fashioned through the conjunctiva and Tenon's capsule 10 mm posterior to the limbus. 1.5 ml of lignocaine 2% was then delivered to the posterior sub-Tenon's space using a blunt cannula. The surgical procedure was performed immediately after the completion of the anaesthetic procedure. Chemosis, conjunctival haemorrhage, degree of akinesia, and pain scoring were analysed. RESULTS: There were no anaesthesia related complications. The administration of the block was painless for 99.1% of the patients. In all, 97.3% reported no pain during surgery. There was no akinesia when assessed just after the completion of the block and akinesia was limited when assessed after surgery. Chemosis and conjunctival haemorrhage were frequent but caused no intraoperative problems. CONCLUSION: Sub-Tenon's anaesthesia is an efficient and safe anaesthetic technique. It is a good alternative to peribulbar anaesthesia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.4keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
16/17. Nd:YAG laser clearance of the anterior surface of posterior chamber intraocular lenses.PURPOSE: To demonstrate the use of Nd:YAG laser in clearing the anterior surface of posterior chamber intraocular lenses. METHOD: Six cases are presented with the following conditions: haemorrhage, inflammatory deposits, a fibrinous papillary membrane, capsulorhexis shrinkage. RESULTS: Nd:YAG laser was successful in managing each of these cases. CONCLUSION: With careful use Nd:YAG laser clearance of the anterior surface of a posterior chamber intraocular lens can be carried out successfully without damaging the lens.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
17/17. Isolated medial orbital blow-out fracture with medial rectus entrapment.PURPOSE: The authors report on three cases of isolated medial orbital blow-out fracture with medial rectus entrapment which occurred in black males. Only a few similar cases have been reported in the literature. methods: The diagnosis was established with the help of tomography and CT scan of the orbit. RESULTS: The diagnosis could be expected from the clinical signs occurring after blow-out trauma mechanisms: eyelid emphysema, nasal subconjunctival haemorrhage, motility disturbance, enophthalmos. CONCLUSION: An ethnic anatomic hypothesis could explain the predominance of this fracture in blacks. This fracture often remains undiagnosed. The diagnosis was based on axial and especially coronal CT scan of the orbit. The physician should be alerted by some clinical signs that justify these radiographic techniques.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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