1/21. Kimura disease of the orbit and ocular adnexa.Kimura disease (KD) is a distinct clinicopathologic entity that has been the subject of considerable confusion and debate. Although common in Asia, KD rarely occurs in non-Asian patients. Kimura disease shares both clinical and histopathologic features with angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE). Because of this overlap and the rarity of KD in europe and the united states, KD and ALHE have been used synonymously in the Western medical literature, as they were thought to represent variations of the same disease. Some pathologic reports have called for distinguishing KD and ALHE as two separate entities, based on their histologic features. Kimura disease occurs most commonly in the head and neck region and has been described in the orbit, eyelids, and lacrimal gland more frequently than ALHE. Because both diseases can cause proptosis, lid swelling, ocular dysmotility, or a palpable mass, they should be considered in the differential diagnosis of orbital lesions occurring in adults. We report two cases of KD involving the orbit and ocular adnexa, and review additional cases reported in the literature. The ophthalmic literature does not clearly reflect the current understanding that KD and ALHE are best considered two separate clinicopathologic entities.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/21. Endoscopic diagnosis of sarcoidosis in a patient presenting with bilateral exophthalmos and pansinusitis.sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. Otolaryngologic and ophthalmologic manifestations occur in 15 to 55% of afflicted individuals, respectively. neck masses, parotid enlargement, and facial nerve palsy are the most common presenting otolaryngologic complaints, while lacrimal gland enlargement, uveitis, and upper eyelid masses often call the attention of the ophthalmologist. biopsy reveals non-caseating granulomas, while the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) level may be elevated. We report an unusual case of a patient who presented with severe bilateral exophthalmos as the sole initial complaint. A prior workup included a negative conjunctival biopsy. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT), the patient had pansinusitis. Endoscopic ethmoidectomies with tissue analysis revealed sarcoidosis. Further evaluation revealed no evidence of systemic disease, and all symptoms resolved with a course of oral steroids. Thus, nasal endoscopy and biopsy of affected paranasal sinus mucosa may prove a useful adjunct to the diagnosis of sarcoidosis, particularly in atypical cases.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/21. Unilateral exophthalmos. Occurrence after treatment for perichiasmatic neoplasms.Unilateral exophthalmos developed shortly after treatment in three patients with chromophobe adenoma of the pituitary gland and craniopharyngioma. In two patients, the exophthalmos followed surgery, while in the third it did not appear until after radiation treatment. The pathogenesis of the exophthalmos in these cases in obscure. However, the other findings and subsequent course indicate that the exophthalmos is not due to recurrence of the neoplasm nor to a complication of therapy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/21. Ocular scrofuloderma with unilateral proptosis.Proptosis due to an extraconal orbital abscess of tubercular origin with lacrimal gland involvement, representing ocular scrofuloderma, is a rare entity. This association has not been reported earlier in the literature. We describe a 7-year-old boy who presented with nodulo-ulcerative lesions of tubercular etiology with discharging sinuses on right side of the face and a similar lesion on the right lower eyelid along with proptosis of 4 months duration. Computerized tomography (CT) scan of the head confirmed the extraconal, intraorbital, hyperdense, homogeneously enhancing mass separated from the lateral rectus muscle and further revealed involvement of lacrimal gland along with erosion of the temporal bone. The patient showed marked improvement of his dermatological and ophthalmological lesions with anti-tubercular treatment. Subsequent ultrasound examinations of the orbit revealed regression in the size of the abscess from 10.7 mm to 5.0 mm and then complete disappearance of the abscess obviating surgical intervention.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/21. Triad of exophthalmos, pretibial myxedema, and acropachy in a patient with Graves' disease.Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder of the thyroid gland with characteristic peripheral manifestations. The most common clinical findings include ophthalmopathy in 30% of patients, dermopathy (pretibial myxedema) in 4% of patients, and thyroid acropachy in 1% of patients. The triad of exophthalmos, pretibial myxedema, and acropachy occurs in less than 1% of patients. We present a case of Graves' disease with the clinical triad of eye disease, dermopathy, and acropachy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/21. Orbital metastases of prostatic carcinoma in a tropical African population.We have reviewed the cases of orbital metastases from carcinoma of the prostate gland seen in the University College Hospital, Ibadan over an 11 year period, 1990-2000. During the period, seven cases of orbital metastases that presumably arose from carcinoma of the prostate were seen. Four of the patients died of progression of the primary disease over a variable period ranging between 2 weeks and 30 months of diagnosis and treatment, two were lost to follow up and one is alive 46 months after initial diagnosis of orbital metastases from carcinoma of the prostate and treatment.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/21. Congenital orbital sudoriferous cyst: radiological findings.We report an extremely unusual case of a 4-month-old boy who presented with a sudoriferous gland cyst of the orbit. Congenital sudoriferous cyst is extremely rare in both the adult and pediatric populations. The CT and MRI findings are presented and the pertinent literature reviewed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/21. Unusual progression of pleomorphic adenoma of the lacrimal gland: case report.A 72-year-old female complained of acute pain on left eye movement followed by progressive exophthalmos. neuroimaging revealed a large well-demarcated lesion consisting of solid and cystic parts, as well as bone destruction and hemorrhage, within the left orbital cavity. The preoperative diagnosis was pleomorphic adenoma with or without malignant transformation, or cavernous angioma. En bloc excision including adjacent tissues was planned to resolve the progressive symptoms and to obtain a histological diagnosis. The transcranial route was chosen since tumor invasion to the cranial base was possible. The histological diagnosis was pleomorphic adenoma. Pathological and preoperative radiological examinations indicated that repeated intratumoral hemorrhage had caused the orbital bone destruction and acute orbital pain. neoplasms should be differentiated from a wide spectrum of other possible pathologies. Accurate clinical diagnosis of neoplasm in the orbital cavity is important for correct therapeutic management. Malignancy is generally suspected if painful and progressive signs and symptoms are associated with an orbital mass lesion. The present case suggests that pleomorphic adenoma should also be considered in the differential diagnosis. The therapeutic strategy for lacrimal gland tumors remains controversial, so a flexible management approach is required.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/21. Unilateral proptosis arising from an ectopic lacrimal gland of the orbit.This 4-year-old boy presented with an ectopic lacrimal gland in the right orbit. Computerized tomography scans revealed a well-encapsulated mass lesion in the right orbit with lateral wall destruction and extension to the subcutaneous tissue. A lateral orbital approach was performed. Although ectopic lacrimal gland tissue is rare in the orbit, this lesion can cause proptosis and orbital bone destruction in childhood.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 6keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/21. Mixed lacrimal gland tumor arising from ectopic lacrimal gland tissue in the orbit.An unusual case of lacrimal gland tumor from ectopic lacrimal gland tissue was presented and discussed. Grossly, the tumor was encapsulated and a distinct entity from the surrounding tissues. There were no connections to the lacimal gland and the tumor histologically appeared to be totally encapsulated even though some areas revealed early invasion. The location of the tumor in the orbit was unique, particularly in lieu of its histology, being located nasally and superiorly. A new and rare addition is now added to the differential diagnosis of unilateral exophthalmos.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 11keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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