1/21. Clinicopathological experience with intraventricular neurocytomas.Intraventricular neurocytoma is a rare clinicopathological entity that has been recently described. We are reporting our experience with four diagnosed cases and the previously reported cases from the available literature are reviewed. These neoplasms occur mainly in young adults, and their histological diagnosis is difficult on light microscope, because they are almost indistinguishable from oligodendrogliomas. Nevertheless, the presence of tumoral cells arranged around nucleus-free fibrillary zones, resembling the large rosettes of pineocytomas and the immunohistochemical demonstration of synaptophysin are useful data for the pathological diagnosis. This diagnosis is easy on electron microscope, because it demonstrates the neuronal nature of tumoral cells. Regarding prognosis, we have found increasing evidence that these tumors are associated with a favourable course after surgery, and at present there is no clear evidence of the usefulness of radiotherapy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nature (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/21. Multicentric atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors occurring in the eye and fourth ventricle of an infant: case report.Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RTs) are aggressive malignant tumors found in infants and young children. The tumor is characterized by the presence of a rhabdoid cell component in all cases, but the histological origin is still unclear. Recently, germline mutation of the hSNF5/INI1 gene has been reported in association with AT/RTs. The authors report a rare case of an intraocular AT/RT followed by a fourth ventricular tumor. The results of immunohistochemical studies of the surgical specimens revealed the presence of an AT/RT and from this finding the neural origin was inferred. A novel missense mutation of the hSNF5/INI1 gene was demonstrated by dna analysis. High-dose chemotherapy with stem cell rescue was effective in treating this patient. The immunohistochemical relationship between rhabdoid cells and the neurogenic zone, which has not been described in AT/RTs, is of great interest in view of the nature of rhabdoid cells.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nature (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/21. Mucinous metastases from occult breast carcinoma.The case of a 34-year-old female patient come to the Emergency Department for neurological symptoms of recent onset is presented. No-contrast CT documented the presence of a neoformation approximately 3 cm in size in the 4th ventricle. For an in-depth diagnostic study of the lesion contrast enhanced MRI was performed. The examination detected a second minute (< 1cm) intraparenchymal nodule highly suspicious of metastasis from primary extra-cerebral neoplasm. The differential diagnosis of infratentorial lesions is discussed. It is concluded that the diagnostic combination of standard MRI with contrast sequences in the three conventional planes plays a major role in typing the nature of focal brain lesions.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nature (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/21. Intraventricular rhabdoid tumor.Malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) most commonly occurs in kidney. In the central nervous system, cerebellum is the most common site of occurrence. CNS rhabdoid tumors typically occur in small children, do not respond favorably to treatment and are usually fatal within 1-year. Here is reported a 4-year-old child who presented with features of raised intracranial pressure. Apart from papillodema, there were no neurological signs. Imaging revealed a left lateral ventricular heterogeneous mass abutting the foramen of monro, with mild irregular contrast enhancement and hydrocephalus. The child underwent right ventriculo-peritoneal shunt followed by craniotomy and gross total tumor resection. He was discharged 10-days after surgery without any neurological deficits. Histopathology revealed features compatible with rhabdoid tumor. Despite radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the child died of progressive disease 10-months after surgery. The highly malignant nature of this tumor makes early diagnosis essential for aggressive management and prognostication.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nature (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/21. Pediatric choroid plexus neoplasms: MR, CT, and pathologic correlation.Choroid plexus papillomas are rare, constituting approximately 0.5% of all intracranial neoplasms. Four benign choroid plexus papillomas and one choroid plexus carcinoma were retrospectively reviewed in patients aged 4-20 months who had been examined with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with a field strength of 0.5 T or 1.0 T and with computed tomography (CT) before and after the administration of contrast material. In general, the tumors were of intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted images and of either intermediate or increased signal intensity (T2 lengthening) with T2 weighting. All demonstrated variable areas of internal signal void interpreted as signifying regional blood flow, calcification, or old hemorrhage. CT findings included relatively uniform contrast enhancement. Microscopic pathologic changes of the benign lesions mimicked the appearance of normal choroid plexus and confirmed the highly vascular nature of these tumors. MR imaging, with its high-resolution multiplanar techniques, offers direct visualization of these lesions in relation to normal anatomy and better discrimination and confirmation of their intraventricular location, facilitating surgery and postoperative follow-up.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nature (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/21. ependymoma of the fourth ventricle: an unusual presentation.The authors describe the case history of a patient who suffered a subarachnoid haemorrhage originating from an ependymoma of the fourth ventricle. The unusual nature of this presentation is emphasised in their review of a series of 22 patients with ependymomas of the craniocervical junction.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nature (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/21. Choroid plexus papilloma: magnetic resonance, computed tomography, and angiographic observations.Choroid plexus papillomas are rare intracranial neoplasms that are generally benign in nature. They are seen in both children and adults and have a male preponderance. magnetic resonance imaging, a noninvasive diagnostic tool, demonstrated the intraventricular location and the surrounding anatomy with striking clarity, more effectively than angiography and computed tomography scanning.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nature (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/21. Cyclic esotropia with central nervous system disease: report of two cases.Two cases of cyclic esotropia with associated central nervous system lesions are presented. One had a 48-hour cycle and the other a 24-hour cycle. In the first child, the condition developed after a third ventricular astrocytoma removal and in the second with the advent of an epileptiform disorder. Both were non-accommodative, non-paralytic in nature, and not associated with fusion disrupting factors. These patterns persisted uninterruptedly in one child for 22 months and in the other for more than 8 months until lost for follow-up.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nature (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/21. Combined occurrence of third ventricular germinoma and hypothalamic mixed glioma.A unique combination of occurrence of the 3rd ventricular germinoma and hypothalamic cystic mixed astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma is encountered in a 15-year-old man who presented clinically with stunted growth of the body, diabetes insipidus, and stupor. The germinoma was diagnosed by biopsy but the hypothalamic glioma was discovered at autopsy. Immunohistochemical localization of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the neoplastic cells confirmed the gliomatous nature of the hypothalamic lesion. The probability of multiple tumors should be kept in mind in dealing with intracranial neoplasms in order that the patient will be properly diagnosed and managed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nature (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/21. Gliomatosis cerebri: clinical and histological findings.The clinical and pathological data of ten patients with gliomatosis cerebri are compared with 48 well documented cases from the literature. The most striking clinical findings were behavioural and mental changes, seizures, motor weakness and headaches. Though diagnostic techniques have gained in sophistication, the clinical diagnosis of gliomatosis cerebri remains difficult. Laboratory and radiograph tests are mostly unconclusive. Expectations that computed tomography might lead to an accurate diagnosis were not fulfilled. Histological examination disclosed a diffuse proliferation of glial elements infiltrating normal nervous tissue with destruction of myelin sheaths, but only slight damage to neurons and axons. In two cases, areas typical of oligodendroglioma were also present. Glial fibrillary acidic protein staining showed in seven cases that most of the neoplastic cells were of astrocytic origin. In addition, GFAP negative neoplastic cells with the appearance of oligodendroglia and intermediate elements between astroglia and oligodendroglia and irregularly shaped naked nuclei of unidentified nature were found. On the basis of the two-stage theory of carcinogenesis, it is suggested that this disease might be the result of propagation of initiated glial elements which have not yet undergone the process of tumor conversion.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nature (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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