11/21. Thalamic neglect.Three patients with right thalamic hemorrhage showed contralateral neglect and limb akinesia. They also had anosognosia, visuospatial disorders, and emotional flattening. In animals, neglect can be induced by lesions along a cortico-limbic-reticular loop including the intralaminar thalamic nuclei. We propose that an activation defect is responsible not only for the neglect and akinesia, but also for the visuospatial and emotional defects usually associated with right-hemisphere cortical dysfunction.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = motion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
12/21. Intratumoral hemorrhage after a ventriculoperitoneal shunting procedure.Ventriculoperitoneal shunting has been accepted as a safe and useful preliminary procedure that lowers the mortality and morbidity of definitive surgery for tumors causing obstructive hydrocephalus. We are reporting four patients with intratumoral hemorrhage as a complication of shunting. The hemorrhage was massive and fatal in two patients, one with an unverified pineal tumor and the other with a malignant astrocytoma of the thalamus. The hemorrhage was small and limited in the other two patients, one with a glioblastoma of the thalamus and the other with a cerebellar astrocytoma. On the basis of this experience, we conclude that the possibility of intratumoral hemorrhage should be taken into consideration when planning the preoperative management of obstructive hydrocephalus caused by brain tumors. It is possible that ventricular decompression may result in rapid motion and distortion of the intracranial structures and a sudden imbalance between intracranial and intratumoral pressures, leading to vascular insufficiency, congestion, and then hemorrhage within the tumor.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = motion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
13/21. Bilateral opercular syndrome: an unusual complication of perinatal difficulties.We describe an 8-year old boy with pseudobulbar palsy and speech disturbance associated with fetal distress, mild birth asphyxia and probably intracranial hemorrhage. There is a remarkable dissociation between orofacial voluntary movements and emotional expression. MRI revealed cortical atrophy and subcortical gliosis of both opercula. The clinical and neuroradiological features correspond to bilateral opercular syndrome. We assume that a reduction of cerebral blood flow involving both opercula induced pseudobulbar palsy with severe expressive speech disturbance.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = motion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
14/21. reflex sympathetic dystrophy in hemiplegia--two case reports and review of the literature.reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) can be precipitated by a variety of events. We report two cases of RSD in hemiplegic patients detected within three months of the cerebrovascular accidents. Diagnosis of RSD was based upon clinical and scintigraphic findings. Management included elevation, range of movement of the affected joints and analgesics. With treatment, the pain and swelling subsided, range of motion of joints improved and the patients were able to participate in the rehabilitation programme. A high index of suspicion, early diagnosis and aggressive treatment were found to be essential for the successful treatment of RSD.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = motion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
15/21. Astasia and gait failure with damage of the pontomesencephalic locomotor region.Although there is evidence in experimental animals of the importance of the pedunculopontine area in locomotion, clinical lesion reports are lacking. An 83-year-old woman became unable to stand and to generate stepping movements after a hemorrhage at the pontomesencephalic junction involving the right pedunculopontine area. Her deficit resembled the gait failure present in some elderly individuals.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = motion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
16/21. Arterio-venous malformations (AVM) hemorrhage in children: the importance of nursing neurological assessment during the acute phase and early recovery.Arterio-venous malformation (AVM) is a rare phenomenon in children. However, when this event does occur, the outcome can be devastating. This paper outlines the underlying pathogenesis of AVM and the early clinical features associated with an AVM bleed. Clinical manifestations include hemorrhage, seizures, headaches, bruit and congestive heart failure in neonates. Common diagnostic studies include cranial ultrasound, cerebral angiography, CT scan, MRI, brain scan, EEG, skull films, lumber puncture and blood flow studies. Treatment for AVM bleeds includes conservative management, surgical intervention, flow-directed embolization and laser beam/proton beam radiation. The components of a nursing neurological assessment are illustrated best in a case study. Steps in the press include: pre-bleed/pre-operature control, fluid and electrolytes, nutrition, musculoskeletal and emotional support.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = motion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
17/21. Acute left ventricular dysfunction and left ventricular thrombus in a patient with cerebral hemorrhage.A 66-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with a cerebral hemorrhage. An echocardiogram showed severe left ventricular hypokinesis and a left ventricular thrombus. An electrocardiogram showed ST segment elevation in the precordial leads. The patient's creatine kinase level was elevated. A follow-up echocardiogram performed 1 month after admission showed normalization of left ventricular wall motion and disappearance of the thrombus. The results of thallium myocardial scintigraphy, coronary arteriography, and left ventriculography performed 1 month after admission were normal, and the patient was discharged without clinical sequelae. The cause of the patient's left ventricular dysfunction was believed to be not myocardial infarction or myocarditis, but a massive adrenergic discharge due to the cerebral hemorrhage.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = motion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
18/21. churg-strauss syndrome presented as multiple intracerebral hemorrhage.Intracerebral hemorrhage is an uncommon sequel of churg-strauss syndrome. We describe a 27 y old Taiwanese male patient who was clinicopathologically diagnosed as churg-strauss syndrome. The patient experienced a sudden onset of blurring of vision and slowness of motion and speech. magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed lobar hemorrhage on right parieto-occipital and left parietal areas. The cause of cerebral hemorrhage was probably due to poorly controlled high blood pressure and vasculitis. He received pulse therapy of methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide followed by oral prednisolone. His neurological symptoms responded well to such a regimen. cerebral hemorrhage is a major cause of morbidity and death in patients with churg-strauss syndrome. Uncontrolled high blood pressure may cause cerebral hemorrhage. Careful monitor of blood pressure is critical for the management of churg-strauss syndrome patients.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = motion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
19/21. The kluver-bucy syndrome.Evolution of psychological disorders following head injury including memory and other cognitive disorders are common. The best known are psychiatric disturbances of various kinds after lesions of the frontal lobes. Cognitive, behavioural and emotional disorders are not usually seen in patients with bilateral temporal lesions. In our Department of Neurotraumatology we have observed 4 patients with posttraumatic lesions localized bitemporally. They developed kluver-bucy syndrome-rarity in human pathology-combined with three or more of the following symptoms and signs: increased oral activity, hypersexuality, hypermetamorphosis, memory disorders, placidity, loss of people recognition, bulimia. Several symptoms responded dramatically to carbamazepine. We conclude that it may be a useful agent in the treatment of this unusual syndrome.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = motion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
20/21. Bihippocampal damage with emotional dysfunction: impaired auditory recognition of fear.A right-handed man developed a sudden transient, amnestic syndrome associated with bilateral hemorrhage of the hippocampi, probably due to Urbach-Wiethe disease. In the 3rd month, despite significant hippocampal structural damage on imaging, only a milder degree of retrograde and anterograde amnesia persisted on detailed neuropsychological examination. On systematic testing of recognition of facial and vocal expression of emotion, we found an impairment of the vocal perception of fear, but not that of other emotions, such as joy, sadness and anger. Such selective impairment of fear perception was not present in the recognition of facial expression of emotion. Thus emotional perception varies according to the different aspects of emotions and the different modality of presentation (faces versus voices). This is consistent with the idea that there may be multiple emotion systems. The study of emotional perception in this unique case of bilateral involvement of hippocampus suggests that this structure may play a critical role in the recognition of fear in vocal expression, possibly dissociated from that of other emotions and from that of fear in facial expression. In regard of recent data suggesting that the amygdala is playing a role in the recognition of fear in the auditory as well as in the visual modality this could suggest that the hippocampus may be part of the auditory pathway of fear recognition.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 6keywords = motion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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