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1/5. Unusual presentation of mandibular extraoral sinus in a fourteen year old girl: a case report.

    A case of fourteen year old healthy girl with complaint of a discharging sinus on the lower right side of face is reported. All teeth were vital and there was no evidence of periodontitis. There was no history of extraction of a tooth. Total leucocyte count, differential leucocyte count, fasting blood sugar, chest x-ray and routine urine examination were within normal limits. actinomycosis and scrofuloderma which simulate such a condition were ruled out by culture study. The intraoral periapical x-ray of mandibular molar showed questionable periapical changes at the time of presentation. But definite osteolysis was observed in the repeat radiograph after three months. It was decided to extract the second molar and curette the sinus tract. The extraction proved to be difficult. On examination of the extracted tooth, it was found that the mandibular second molar and second premolar were fused together. The radiograph of the tooth taken after extraction showed confluence of the premolar pulp with the periodontal membrane. On follow up, the lesion was found to heal satisfactorily.
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keywords = extraction
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2/5. Intra-masseteric actinomycosis: report of a case.

    A case of actinomycosis arising within the masseter following extraction of a lower second molar is reported. The most likely cause was a needle tract infection from the planned administration of the local anaesthetic.
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keywords = extraction
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3/5. Cranio-facial actinomycosis.

    In the National Neurosurgical Centre in the Sultanate of oman, four patients with cranio-facial actinomycosis were seen over a 5-year period. All patients had osteomyelitis and intracranial granulomata and the diagnosis was confirmed with histopathology. In two cases the organisms were cultured. In three patients the cranial spread was by contiguity from the scalp and face while one case had the extradural granuloma following a dental extraction. With medication there was gross reduction of proptosis and intracranial lesion in one patient and in two there was marked reduction in the size of the intracranial lesion as seen on serial computerized tomographic scanning of the head (CT head). Three patients are now asymptomatic and are being followed up while one expired with subarachnoid haemorrhage. Although eradication of the disease is difficult, with adequate medication and appropriate surgical intervention, three of these patients continue to remain relatively symptom-free for long periods of time.
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keywords = extraction
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4/5. Nonhealing extraction site due to actinomyces naeslundii in patient with AIDS.

    There are many oral complications of human immunodeficiency virus infection. One of the infectious sequelae is contamination and delayed healing of the tooth extraction site. We report a case of a nonhealing extraction site in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Histologic and microbiologic evaluation determined the causative species of bacterium to be actinomyces naeslundii. diagnosis and treatment are discussed.
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keywords = extraction
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5/5. Cervicofacial actinomycosis in man.

    Two cases of advanced jaw destruction due to actinomyces is reported; one with diabetic diathesis and a history of tooth extraction the other had a trauma of the mandible with the fracture; good results were obtained with penicillin therapy.
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keywords = extraction
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