1/44. Multicystic autoimmune thyroiditis-like disease associated with hiv infection. A case report.BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and resulting acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) may involve virtually every organ system, including the endocrine glands. Thyroid dysfunction most commonly reflects advanced disease and generally resembles euthyroid sick syndrome. Rarely do opportunistic infections, hemorrhage, neoplasms and drugs account for alterations in thyroid tissue. Multiple lymphoepithelial cysts of parotid gland and thymus have been identified, but similar findings in thyroid gland have not been reported. CASE: A 41-year-old, hiv-seropositive woman, asymptomatic for seven years, developed a squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix with local-regional extension. At the same time, bilateral complex thyroid cysts and high titers of antimicrosomal antibodies (1/6,400) were detected. Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid showed a heterogeneous lymphocytic population with a reactive appearance and occasional groups of epithelial cells with an immature squamous pattern, along with cytologic features of autoimmune thyroiditis. Immunocytochemistry was positive for CD20, CD3 and CD5. Immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement by polymerase chain reaction from cytologic material showed a polyclonal lymphoid population. External radiotherapy resulted in a significant reduction in the pelvic lesion. Four months after diagnosis, abdominal ultrasound displayed multiple hepatic metastasis, the patient's condition rapidly deteriorated, and she died about a month later. CONCLUSION: This case had unique features and probably represented an AIDS-related lesion and distinct entity.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = organ (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/44. Thyroid abscess.Thyroid abscess arising from Acute Suppurative thyroiditis (AST) is a rare clinical disorder. The ability of the thyroid gland to resist infection is well known and infection in the thyroid gland is rare, particularly so with the advent of widespread usage of antibiotics. An internal pharyngeal fistula (pyriform sinus fistula) is the most common underlying abnormality in patients with AST. We report a case of an adult male who presented with a thyroid abscess. The causal organism was found to be staphylococcus aureus. Intravenous antibiotics and, incision and drainage of the abscess led to an uncomplicated recovery.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = organ (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/44. A benign parathyroid cyst presenting with hoarse voice.Parathyroid tumours and cysts are rare and, when presenting as neck masses, can be clinically misdiagnosed as thyroid lesions. Symptoms may be caused by compression of the surrounding structures or hormonal overactivity. This paper describes a patient with recurrent hoarseness owing to the pressure effects of a parathyroid cyst on the recurrent laryngeal nerve.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.3760685666366keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/44. Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the thyroid gland. A case report.BACKGROUND: The variant of Langerhans histiocytosis commonly encountered in adults is the benign, localized form (eosinophilic granuloma). The more-aggressive or diffuse type (Letterer-Siwe disease) is rare in adults. CASE: A 28-year-old woman presented with enlargement of the thyroid gland three years after she had been diagnosed with and placed on treatment for diabetes insipidus. thyroidectomy was performed following an initial fine needle aspiration cytology report of either papillary thyroid carcinoma or Langerhans cell histiocytosis. The latter diagnosis was confirmed on histopathology and immunohistochemical staining for S-100 protein. Intracellular Birbeck granules were also demonstrated by electron microscopy. The disease progressed over a 10-week period to involve the kidneys, resulting in renal dysfunction. CONCLUSION: Synchronous or metachronous involvement of the hypothalamus and thyroid gland by Langerhans histiocytosis could not be excluded in the present case, with subsequent progression to involve other organs. This was an unusual presentation of the disease in an adult.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = organ (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/44. Four cases of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia associated with thyroid disease.We present 4 cases of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) associated with thyroid diseases. Case 1 had previously undergone surgery for thyroid cancer, and had a secondary hypothyroidism at the onset of BOOP. Case 2 developed Basedow's disease 3 months after the onset of BOOP and BOOP relapsed 21 months after the onset of Basedow's disease. Case 3 developed subacute thyroiditis 33 months after the onset of BOOP, and has had no relapse of BOOP for 7 years. Case 4 had hypothyroidism at the time of diagnosis of BOOP, and her BOOP relapsed 3 months after the initial onset of BOOP. Two of these 4 cases of BOOP with thyroid diseases relapsed, and thyroid dysfunction could modify the pathophysiology of BOOP.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = organ (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/44. Intra-parenchymal thyroid epidermal cyst presenting with a left recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy.We present a rare case of an intra-parenchymal thyroid epidermal cyst presenting with a left recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy. There was a complete recovery of the nerve function following surgical excision of the lesion. Theories of aetio-pathogenesis of the cyst and underlying mechanisms responsible for the nerve paralysis are explored.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.6324799664562keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/44. Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the thyroid: a report of two cases and review of the literature.Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a monoclonal disease of histiocytes that can involve many or very few organ systems. It is a relatively benign disorder with a 3% mortality in adults. LCH rarely involves the thyroid gland. We report two cases, both presenting in males with a goiter. Both patients were treated with subtotal thyroidectomy. The first patient also received radiotherapy to his thyroid bed and scalp. We summarize the prior reported cases of LCH involving the thyroid and review the current treatment modalities used for LCH.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = organ (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/44. Fatal airway obstruction caused by invasive aspergillosis of the thyroid gland.Invasive aspergillosis is a common form of fungal infection in patients with hematological malignancies. Because aspergillus species have angioinvasive properties, they frequently disseminate from the lung to a variety of organs via hematogenous spread. Extra-pulmonary involvement occurs at an advanced stage of invasive aspergillosis, and represents an ominous sign. However, few reports have been published on extra-pulmonary involvement in cases of aspergillosis. Its clinical features have not been fully clarified. We experienced a patient who developed thyrotoxicosis and fatal airway obstruction caused by invasive aspergillosis of the thyroid. A 26-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. During myelosuppression following the chemotherapy, he developed cervical swelling and hyperthyroidism. We suspected lymphoma infiltration to the thyroid, and irradiated it with a total of 26 Gy. However, the cervical lesion enlarged rapidly, and he complained of wheezing and dyspnea. We underwent immediate tracheostomy to secure the airway, but he died. autopsy findings were striking. Extensive necrosis with diffuse infiltration of aspergillus hyphae was observed in the thyroid gland. Necrotic tissues of the thyroid protruded into the tracheal lumen, causing airway obstruction. This case demonstrated that invasive aspergillosis of the thyroid can lead to medical emergency.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = organ (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/44. A hydatid cyst of the thyroid gland.echinococcosis, although eradicated in many countries, is still widespread in communities in which agriculture is dominant, and cystic hydatidosis is a significant public health problem in regions where echinococcosis is endemic. Hydatid cysts may be found in almost any part of the body, but most often in the liver and lungs. Other organs affected occasionally include the brain, muscle, kidney, bone, heart and pancreas. This report documents a rare case with a cystic nodule in the thyroid detected by ultrasonography. The patient was a 40-year-old woman with an euthyroid multinodular goitre. ultrasonography revealed a cystic nodule, and the ultrasonic appearance of the cyst liquid showed multiple echoes, suggesting that the nodule could be a hydatid cyst. Bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy was performed. Postoperative examination of the nodule showed it to be a solitary primary thyroid hydatid cyst.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = organ (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/44. Langerhans' cell histiocytosis involving the pituitary, thyroid, lung, and liver.OBJECTIVE: To report the development, in an adult patient, of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH) involving the thyroid and most probably the pituitary gland, lungs, and liver. methods: We present a case report of a 29-year-old woman who requested a medical consultation because of polyuria and was found to have pituitary dysfunction. We describe the subsequent follow-up, which revealed progressive liver disease that necessitated transplantation and also the presence of a goiter, and discuss the unpredictable pathologic features of LCH. RESULTS: After the diagnosis of central diabetes insipidus and partial hypopituitarism, the patient was diagnosed 2 years later with sclerosing cholangitis. The hepatic involvement was progressive, and she required transplantation and immunosuppression. Three months before liver transplantation, a goiter was discovered. Fine-needle aspiration of the thyroid revealed infiltration by LCH. The goiter decreased in size after chemotherapy with vinblastine and prednisone. Computed tomography of the chest showed bilateral thin-walled cysts, consistent with eosinophilic granulomas. CONCLUSION: In patients with central diabetes insipidus and pituitary stalk thickening on imaging studies, LCH should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Other hormonal deficiencies may be present initially or may evolve after many years. Thus, continual surveillance is necessary. In addition, an ongoing potential exists for involvement of other organ systems such as the thyroid, liver, and lungs. We suggest consideration of LCH as a possible cause of a goiter in such patients. In our patient, it remains to be seen what effect the immunosuppressive therapy for the liver transplant has on the LCH disease process.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = organ (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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