1/38. Coronary artery spasm induced by trigeminal nerve stimulation and vagal reflex during intracranial operation.This report describes a case of ventricular fibrillation resulting from coronary vasospasm during intracranial operation under general anesthesia. An autonomic response associated with the intracranial procedure caused a coronary spasm, which was worsened by alpha-agonists. nitroglycerin effectively resolved the coronary spasm and co-complications persisted.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/38. bradycardia and asystole with the use of vagus nerve stimulation for the treatment of epilepsy: a rare complication of intraoperative device testing.PURPOSES: A 56-year-old man with mild mental retardation, right congenital hemiparesis, and refractory partial seizures was referred for vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). methods: Routine lead diagnostic testing during the surgical procedure (1.0 mA, 20 Hz, and 500 micros, for approximately 17 s) resulted, during the initial two stimulations, in a bradycardia of approximately 30 beats/min. A third attempt led to transient asystole that required atropine and brief cardiopulmonary resuscitation. RESULTS: The procedure was immediately terminated, the device removed, and the patient recovered completely. A postoperative cardiologic evaluation, including an ECG, 24-h Holter monitor, echocardiogram, and a tilt-table test, was normal. CONCLUSIONS: Possible mechanisms for the bradycardia/asystole include stimulation of cervical cardiac branches of the vagus nerve either by collateral current spread or directly by inadvertent placement of the electrodes on one of these branches; improper plugging of the electrodes into the pulse generator, resulting in erratic varying intensity of stimulation; reverse polarity; and idiosyncratic-type reaction in a hypersusceptible individual. The manufacturer reports the occurrence rate in approximately 3,500 implants for this intraoperative event to be approximately one in 875 cases or 0.1%.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.5keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/38. Elicitation of the oculocardiac reflex during endoscopic forehead lift surgery.Elicitation of the oculocardiac reflex is a well-documented phenomenon encountered during ophthalmologic surgical procedures. Familiarity with and prompt recognition of this entity has significantly reduced the morbidity associated with it; however, potentially lethal arrhythmias and cardiac arrest still occur. We report elicitation of the reflex during manipulation of the supraorbital nerve during endoscopic forehead lift surgery. To our knowledge this is the first case of elicitation of the oculocardiac reflex reported during endoscopic forehead lift surgery.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.25keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/38. cocaine-induced bradyarrhythmia: an unsuspected cause of syncope.cocaine use is associated with adverse events in nearly every organ system. Cardiovascular complications include hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke, aortic dissection, cardiomyopathy, accelerated coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death. syncope may be the presenting symptom in these conditions. However, cocaine-induced bradyarrhythmias have been scarcely mentioned. As this case exemplifies, clinicians should be aware of this association when they evaluate syncope, especially in young patients.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.0085641471493071keywords = organ (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/38. Severe bradyarrhythmia in a patient with Alzheimer's disease and a patient with cerebral ischaemia, both induced by acute distension of the bladder.Two case reports are presented of bradycardia in two elderly patients, which was resistant to atropine but which resolved immediately the acute bladder distension was treated. Generally, a sympathetic cardiac response is expected, and this paradoxical response may be due not only to lesions of the reflex loop involving both the vagal and the sympathetic nerves, but also to endocrinological factors. As acute urinary distension is not uncommon on geriatric wards, bradyarrhythmia due to bladder distension should be considered in elderly patients.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.25keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/38. gout, bradycardia, and hypercholesterolemia after renal transplantation.Approximately 17,000 solid organ transplantations are done annually in the united states. Increasingly, care of these patients will be provided by primary care physicians. In this report, we illustrate the complexity of common medical problems in a patient who had cellulitis and who had had a cadaveric renal transplantation 10 years earlier. Immunosuppressive therapy was cyclosporine (100 mg twice a day) and prednisone (10 mg once a day). The patient's hospital course was complicated by acute gout and symptomatic bradycardia. In both instances, usual treatment--full-dose indomethacin for gout and withholding verapamil for bradycardia--could have had significant interaction with the cyclosporine. At the time of discharge, a therapeutic plan for long-term management of hypercholesterolemia included possible drug interactions with cyclosporine. The potential for drug toxicity in the transplant patient necessitates careful monitoring of immunosuppressive drug levels. Ongoing communication with the transplant center is also needed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.0085641471493071keywords = organ (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/38. A delayed cardiopulmonary reaction to an intravenous immunosuppressant thymoglobulin after pancreas transplant.IMPLICATIONS: Adverse cardiopulmonary reaction to an intravenous immunosuppressant after solid organ transplantation might not be evident immediately in the postoperative period and might result in serious cardiopulmonary compromise.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.0085641471493071keywords = organ (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/38. Vagal schwannoma of the cerebello-medullary cistern presenting with hoarseness and intractable tinnitus: a rare case of intra-operative bradycardia and cardiac asystole.Schwannomas arising from the lower cranial nerves (IX-XI) are rare, constituting only 3% of all intracranial schwannomas unassociated with neurofibromatosis. A great majority of these tumours present as jugular foramen lesions and less commonly they occur along the extracranial course of these nerves. An intracisternal location is extremely rare. We report a case of vagal schwannoma purely in the cerebello-medullary cistern causing distortion of the medulla oblongata. Total microsurgical excision of this tumor, arising from one of the rootlets of the vagus nerve, was achieved with preservation of the 9th, 10th and 11th cranial nerves.The intraoperative course was complicated by two episodes of complete cardiac asystole, each lasting for 4(s), and six episodes of severe bradycardia. The patient was relieved of his intractable tinnitus but continued to have a hoarse voice due to an ipsilateral partial vocal cord palsy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/38. Cardiac pacing as emergency care for serious bradyarrhythmia with circulatory shock.Three cases of bradyarrhythmia with serious illness of extracardiac organs are reported. Case 1 had sick sinus syndrome. He was admitted to our hospital complaining of syncope and developed apnea. Case 2 had complete atrioventricular block and serious hepatic failure in the hospital. Case 3 had paroxysmal atrioventricular block. He complained of syncope which followed convulsions. Their symptoms might be due to circulatory shock caused by a lazy lower pacemaker from the ventricle. Emergent temporary pacing successfully improved the extracardiac organ dysfunction. Although their bradyarrhythmias were transient, permanent pacemakers were implanted to inhibit the recurrence. A quick temporary pacing should be indicated in patients with critical bradyarrhythmia like our cases for survival.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.017128294298614keywords = organ (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/38. Clinical case seminar: Riedel's thyroiditis: report of a case complicated by spontaneous hypoparathyroidism, recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, and Horner's syndrome.A 42-yr-old woman presented with hyperthyroidism and a large, firm, irregular goiter. Within a few weeks she became hypothyroid. Five months later she developed increasingly severe neck pain and compressive symptoms. The goiter had become rock hard. A fine needle aspiration biopsy showed features of chronic thyroiditis and fibrosis. She partially responded to a course of glucocorticoids. tamoxifen was added, with marked improvement in goiter size and pain. Both medications were tapered off. Two months later the patient experienced paresthesias of the fingertips, perioral numbness, and a seizure. She was found to have spontaneous primary hypoparathyroidism. Three months later the patient became hoarse and experienced difficulty in breathing. She was found to have a massively enlarged thyroid with compression of the right internal jugular vein and encasement of the right carotid artery as well as tracheal narrowing. She also had right vocal cord paralysis due to recurrent laryngeal nerve involvement. Because of airway compromise, an emergency isthmusectomy was performed, and the patient was given a postoperative course of glucocorticoids with gradual improvement. Postoperative diagnosis was Riedel's thyroiditis. Two months later she presented with near-syncope and was found to have bradycardia, hypotension, and right Horner's syndrome, presumably due to compression of the right carotid sheath. She was given i.v. glucocorticoids and tamoxifen. Six months later and 18 months after her initial presentation, the patient is doing remarkably well. Her goiter has regressed by more than 50%, and she no longer has any pain or difficulty breathing. She remains a little hoarse and has persistent hypothyroidism and hypoparathyroidism. She is taking prednisone (5 mg, this is being tapered very slowly) and tamoxifen (20 mg) daily. This case illustrates the protean manifestations of Riedel's thyroiditis, a rare but fascinating disease. The epidemiology of this disease, its pathophysiology and complications, and the roles of surgery and medical therapy are reviewed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.25keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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