1/4. The "nutcracker phenomenon" with orthostatic proteinuria: case reports.The nutcracker phenomenon refers to compression of the left renal vein between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. Clinical features are hematuria, abdominal pain, left flank pain, pelvic or scrotal discomfort due to varicocele or ovarian vein syndrome. In this report, 2 patients with orthostatic proteinuria, in whom nutcracker phenomenon was detected as a cause, are presented. One of them had posterior nutcracker with also asymptomatic varicocele that was detected during ultrasonographic examination. Nutcracker phenomenon is a rare but important clinical condition that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with proteinuria and hematuria.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = discomfort (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/4. Chronic scrotal hypothermia as a treatment for poor semen quality.Six men with infertile marriages associated with poor semen and raised testicular temperature were treated by an experimental appliance which exploits evaporation to obtain normal testicular temperatures. This was worn with little discomfort for as long as 24 h a day and for periods as long as 20 weeks. Three wives became pregnant while their husbands were on treatment. semen analysis at the time of the missed menses showed improvements in all three men. In two patients who did not achieve a pregnancy, semen improvements were also seen after 12 weeks. The improvements in semen quality cannot be attributed to any agency other than the hypothermia; this strengthens the theory that raised temperature plays a role in male infertility. Scrotal hypothermia seems to be a suitable treatment in men with varicocele, varicocelectomy failure, and idiopathic infertility where intrascrotal temperature is raised.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = discomfort (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/4. phlebography of the internal spermatic vein (and the ovarian vein).phlebography of the internal spermatic vein was performed on 87 patients. In only two cases were slight complications (fever and chill) recorded after the examinations. The patients felt only a little discomfort during the examination. They did not have to be hospitalized before or after the examinations. In a few cases we saw sufficient values distally, at the level of L4-5. We have interpreted these cases as being normal.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = discomfort (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/4. The use of microsurgical denervation of the spermatic cord for orchialgia.Orchialgia is a term that can only lead to confusion with regard to symptoms and etiology of the symptoms. It implies testicular discomfort or testicular pain that is intrascrotal. Testicular pain per se probably is appreciated in the lower abdomen and internal ring and not in the testicular body. Therefore, true orchialgia, namely testicular pain of unknown etiology, would be more appropriately described as lower abdominal pain (in the absence of any inflammatory ailments), which is worsened by testicular pressure or palpation. Treatment of the patient with orchialgia has been a difficult and often unrewarding clinical situation. Return to gainful activity without significant use of analgesics is the desired goal. Microsurgical testicular denervation has been used in 2 patients in an effort to achieve this goal without sacrifice of the testes.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = discomfort (Clic here for more details about this article) |