1/56. Subaortic obstruction after the use of an intracardiac baffle to tunnel the left ventricle to the aorta.Postoperative hemodynamic studies in five patients document subaortic obstruction after surgical repair utilizing an intracardiac baffle to establish continuity between the left ventricle and the aorta. Four of the patients had a Rastelli procedure for D-transposition of the great arteries with a ventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis; one patient had repair of double outlet right ventricle with a ventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis. The left ventricular outflow was shown to be a long narrow tunnel by angiography in four of five patients and by echocardiography in one patient. Resting aortic peak systolic pressure gradient ranged from 10 to 42 mm Hg (mean 24). The obstruction was localized to the proximal end of the left ventricule to aorta tunnel (i.e., at the site of ventricular septal defect) in five patients. One patient with a gradient of 42 mm Hg has angina and decreased exercise tolerance. Subaortic obstruction is a newly described sequelae after the Rastelli procedure for transposition or repair of double outlet right ventricle. The obstruction may be hemodynamically significant and should be searched for at postoperative cardiac catheterization.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = pressure (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/56. Management of postoperative chylothorax with nitric oxide: a case report.OBJECTIVE: To describe the use of inhaled nitric oxide in the management of refractory postoperative chylothorax. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: A pediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary care children's hospital. PATIENT: A neonate with refractory chylothoraces complicated by moderate pulmonary hypertension after a complicated arterial switch operation. INTERVENTIONS: Administration of inhaled nitric oxide through a ventilator circuit. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The institution of inhaled nitric oxide at 20 ppm resulted in a marked reduction in chest tube drainage and a decrease in echocardiographically estimated pulmonary artery pressure from 50%-75% systemic to 30%-50% systemic. Chest tube drainage doubled when the nitric oxide was decreased to 10 ppm and, again, dramatically decreased after raising nitric oxide back to 20 ppm. After 8 days of nitric oxide therapy, the chest tube drainage ceased. nitric oxide therapy was successfully discontinued 19 days after initiation, with no recurrence of chylothorax. There was no effect of nitric oxide on systemic blood pressure. methemoglobin levels while on NO remained <1.7%. CONCLUSION: Consideration may be given to the use of inhaled nitric oxide in the therapy of refractory chylothoraces complicated by central venous hypertension.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = pressure (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/56. Post-Mustard procedure pulmonary venous obstruction: An opportunity for anatomic correction with a one-stage arterial switch.A 14-year-old boy after a Mustard procedure for transposition of the great arteries developed pulmonary hypertension secondary to baffle obstruction. This occurred over several years without apparent significant symptomatology. Systemic-level pressure prevailed in the left (pulmonary) ventricle and provided an opportunity to perform a successful one-stage arterial switch.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = pressure (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/56. Retrograde catheterization of the pulmonary veins following surgical correction of transposition of the great vessels.Prior to a Mustard repair for transposition of the great vessels, complete physiologic data of the pulmonary bed can be obtained by catheterization of the pulmonary artery with a "J" formed wire, and direct catheterization of the pulmonary veins via an atrial septal defect. Following "physiologic" repair ready access to the pulmonary veins is denied. Evaluation of the pulmonary venous pressure is of great importance, however, in differentiating pulmonary vascular disease from pulmonary hypertension secondary to patch obstruction of pulmonary venous return. This paper describes a technique of catheterization of the pulmonary veins following a Mustard repair for TGV.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = pressure (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/56. Arterial switch operation after left ventricular retraining in the adult.Retraining the morphological left ventricle in transposition of the great arteries has been successfully reported in infancy, while older age seems to be a contraindication. A 23-year-old woman with inverted question markS,D,D inverted question mark transposition of the great arteries and ventricular septal defect developed severe right systemic ventricular dysfunction 22 years after Mustard procedure and ventricular septal defect closure. Hemodynamic investigation revealed moderate pulmonary hypertension and preserved left ventricular function. A pulmonary artery band was applied to obtain a left-right ventricular pressure ratio of 0.91. Her postoperative course was characterized by biventricular failure, treated effectively with inotropic support. Six months later, she underwent a Mustard baffle takedown and arterial switch procedure. Her postoperative course was uneventful. She was discharged home on postoperative day 15. At 24-months follow-up, she is in excellent clinical condition; echocardiographic evaluation shows good left ventricular function (ejection fraction: 0.69) with left ventricular volume within normal limits (70 ml/m2). Our experience demonstrates that, despite adult age, a staged arterial switch operation can be performed successfully in selected patients when left ventricular function is preserved.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = pressure (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/56. Systemic right ventricular failure after atrial switch operation: midterm results of conversion into an arterial switch.BACKGROUND: Failure of the systemic right ventricle after atrial switch operation can be treated by conversion into an arterial switch operation. methods: Four patients, age 38 to 59 months, presented with right ventricular failure after Senning operation and ventricular septal defect closure. One patient had elevated left ventricular pressure; in the other three patients the left ventricle was retrained to a left ventricular/right ventricular pressure ratio of 0.8 or greater by pulmonary artery banding in 12 to 24 months. RESULTS: Postoperative course after arterial switch operation was prolonged, but clinical condition was good at discharge. Fractional shortening ranged from 20% to 28%. Trace-to-moderate aortic regurgitation was present; only 1 patient had preserved sinus rhythm. After a mean follow-up of 43.5 months 1 patient had died due to left ventricular dysfunction. The survivors are in new york Heart association functional class I to II. Fractional shortening has improved (29% to 37%); aortic regurgitation has not increased. No patient has undisturbed sinus rhythm. CONCLUSIONS: Conversion of an atrial into an arterial switch is an alternative to cardiac transplantation in childhood. However, the procedure is demanding. Long-term morbidity is caused by rhythm disturbances. aortic valve performance and left ventricular function require close observation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = pressure (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/56. Successful arterial switch operation for post-Mustard pulmonary venous obstruction and secondary pulmonary hypertension.A 16-year-old girl presented with dyspnea 15 years after the Mustard operation for transposition of the great arteries with intact ventricular septum. An echocardiogram revealed secondary pulmonary hypertension due to pulmonary venous obstruction. cardiac catheterization showed the left (pulmonary) ventricular pressure was over the systemic level. We performed a successful one-stage switch conversion. The patient is doing well 1 year after the switch conversion.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = pressure (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/56. A case of congenitally protected d-transposition of the great arteries in a very low-birth-weight infant.An arterial switch is the corrective procedure of choice for d-transposition of the great arteries but may be associated with increased morbidity and mortality when performed in low-birth-weight infants. Conversely, delaying surgery often leads to left ventricular "deconditioning" as pulmonary arteriolar resistance decreases. We present an infant with a birth weight of 940 g with d-transposition of the great arteries with an intact ventricular septum whose bilateral pulmonary artery branch stenosis allowed for maintenance of near systemic left ventricular pressure, thereby protecting against deconditioning. This case also represents the smallest reported patient to undergo a successful balloon atrial septostomy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = pressure (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/56. Ventricular paired pacing to control rapid ventricular heart rate following open heart surgery. Observations on ectopic automaticity. Report of a case in a four-month-old patient.An unusual case is presented in which an atrioventricular (A-V) junctional tachycardia at a rate of 285 beats/min developed in the immediate postoperative period following surgical repair (a Mustard procedure) of transposition of the great vessels in a four-month-old infant. With that heart rate the systolic blood pressure bacame 35-40 mm Hg and urinary output ceased. Ventricular paired pacing was employed successfully to halve the mechanically effective ventricular rate. This resulted in a clinically effective blood pressure and return of normal urinary output. The clinical course of the A-V junctional tachycardia, plus its response to several interventions, suggested that the mechanism of the A-V junctional tachycardia was automatic rather than re-entrant. The study demonstrates that ventricular paired pacing for the control of cardiac arrhythmias is a useful clinical technique in selected cases.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = pressure (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/56. Anatomic correction for corrected transposition after pulmonary unifocalization.A Senning plus Rastelli operation was performed in a patient who had a rare combination of congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (S,L,L) with dextrocardia, major aortopulmonary collaterals, and diminutive central pulmonary arteries with arborization defects. The patient required four preparatory operations including bilateral unifocalizations of the aortopulmonary artery collaterals. pulmonary artery to systemic pressure ratio after the double switch operation was 0.6. The patient demonstrates good biventricular function on echocardiogram at 3 months after the operation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = pressure (Clic here for more details about this article) |
| | Next -> |