1/5. Bacterial tracheitis: report of eight new cases and review.Bacterial tracheitis, previously referred to as nondiphtheritic laryngitis with marked exudate, was commonly discussed in pediatric textbooks before 1940. It seemed to disappear as a clinical entity after that time, but it has been recorded with increasing frequency in the pediatric literature since 1979. We describe eight new cases and review 110 previously described cases. The clinical course consists of a prodromal upper respiratory illness with stridor, fever, and a variable degree of respiratory distress. Unlike patients with croup, patients with bacterial tracheitis do not respond to aerosolized racemic epinephrine. Most patients require endotracheal intubation; some require tracheostomy. Reported complications include pneumonia, pneumothorax, formation of pseudomembranes, toxic shock syndrome, and cardiopulmonary arrest. Bacterial tracheitis is a secondary bacterial infection following a primary viral respiratory infection. The most common preceding viral infection is parainfluenza. staphylococcus aureus and haemophilus influenzae are the predominant causes of bacterial tracheitis. Secondary bacterial infection may occur as a result of tracheal mucosal injury or impairment of normal phagocytic function due to viral infection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = toxic shock syndrome, shock syndrome, toxic shock, shock (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/5. Bacterial tracheitis in children.Bacterial tracheitis is a relatively rare cause of respiratory distress in children and is associated with a high morbidity and mortality rate. Three children who have survived this affliction are presented: one developed toxic shock syndrome in the acute phase and two developed late complications. The authors review the pediatric literature and postulate possible etiological factors. Prompt diagnosis and aggressive airway management are essential to survival. Early tracheotomy is recommended as the primary form of airway management.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = toxic shock syndrome, shock syndrome, toxic shock, shock (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/5. Bacterial laryngotracheitis associated with toxic shock syndrome in an adult.Nonmenstrual toxic shock syndrome (TSS) in adults has been associated with various staphylococcal respiratory tract infections, including pharyngitis, tonsillitis, pneumonia, and postinfluenza respiratory tract infections. In children, nonmenstrual TSS has also been described as a complication of bacterial tracheitis. We describe the case of a 40-year-old woman who presented with laryngotracheitis as well as clinical and laboratory evidence of TSS. culture of her sputum samples yielded pure growth of staphylococcus aureus, which was shown to produce TSS toxin 1 (TSST-1). The patient responded promptly to therapy with iv clindamycin. We discuss the association of TSS with staphylococcal laryngotracheitis and the role of clindamycin in the treatment of TSS. To our knowledge, there are no previous reports of TSS complicating laryngotracheitis in adults.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = toxic shock syndrome, shock syndrome, toxic shock, shock (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/5. Systemic complications associated with bacterial tracheitis.The toxic shock syndrome, septic shock, pulmonary oedema, and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were recognised in four children with bacterial tracheitis. ARDS has not previously been reported in association with bacterial tracheitis. Prompt recognition of the severe systemic complications of bacterial tracheitis could lead to a decrease in the morbidity and mortality of this condition.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.0108436806289keywords = toxic shock syndrome, shock syndrome, toxic shock, shock (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/5. Staphylococcal tracheitis, pneumonia, and adult respiratory distress syndrome.A child initially seen in the emergency department with respiratory distress was diagnosed with viral laryngotracheitis and discharged home on oral steroids. She returned the following day without abatement of her symptoms and was admitted with upper airway obstruction and pneumonia. Bacterial tracheitis was diagnosed when the tracheal aspirate grew a pure culture of staphylococcus aureus. Hemodynamic instability and severe parenchymal lung disease ensued from septic shock and adult respiratory distress syndrome requiring inotropic support and assisted ventilation. Oscillatory ventilation was instituted when the patient failed conventional ventilation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.010843680628936keywords = shock (Clic here for more details about this article) |