11/23. Hyponatremic seizure following ECT.This report describes the investigation of a spontaneous grand mal seizure in a 55-year old woman, being treated with drugs and ECT for depression. The spontaneous seizure was due to hyponatremia caused by self-induced water intoxication, although psychotrophic medication may have contributed by lowering the seizure threshold. The diagnosis of hyponatremia is discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = intoxication (Clic here for more details about this article) |
12/23. Recurrent methemoglobinemia after acute dapsone intoxication in a child.dapsone is a synthetic sulfone increasingly used in the treatment of a wide variety of dermatologic disorders. The case of a child with dapsone-induced recurrent methemoglobinemia is presented with a discussion of dapsone toxicity and its treatment. In addition, the diagnostic value of pulse oximetry in the presence of dysfunctional hemoglobins is discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4keywords = intoxication (Clic here for more details about this article) |
13/23. Traditional remedies and lead intoxication.Three Saudi children suffered from lead intoxication as a result of ingestion of a preparation prescribed by a traditional practitioner. Two of them showed no symptoms of lead intoxication while the third child gave a history of symptomatic intoxication in the form of convulsions. The blood lead levels were increased in all patients and radiographic lead bands were seen in the long bones of the three children. The blood lead concentration was decreased by Na-Ca-EDTA and BAL treatment in the three patients.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 7keywords = intoxication (Clic here for more details about this article) |
14/23. Relapse to cocaine abuse after initiating desipramine treatment.Three cocaine abusers who had been abstinent for one to six months relapsed to cocaine use soon after beginning desipramine hydrochloride therapy. The antidepressant treatment was begun for different reasons in each case. All three patients developed what has been termed the early tricyclic jitteriness syndrome. This reaction may have stimulated conditioned craving for cocaine because of the similarity between this syndrome and cocaine intoxication. Since desipramine is being used to reduce cocaine craving, it is important to recognize this paradoxical increase in craving as a potential adverse effect of desipramine.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = intoxication (Clic here for more details about this article) |
15/23. New type of hepatic porphyria with porphobilinogen synthase defect and intermittent acute clinical manifestation.In two young patients with acute hepatic porphyria syndrome and persisting paralyses, which increased in intensity during intermittent occurring crisis, the activity of erythrocyte porphobilinogen synthase (delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase) was found to be considerably diminished, below 1% of the value of normal control persons. In contrast, the activity of uroporphyrinogen synthase was normal. Both patients have been excreting high quantities of delta-aminolevulinic acid and porphyrins in urine for years. lead intoxication has definitively been excluded. Since the relatives also show lower activities in porphobilinogen synthase, the disease of these two patients is probably a new enzymatic type of inherited acute hepatic porphyria, the excretion profile of which is qualitatively completely different from those of the known acute porphyrias. The discovery of this porphyria confirms the theory of overlapping transition in the biochemical and clinical symptoms and analogies among acute hepatic porphyrias.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = intoxication (Clic here for more details about this article) |
16/23. Recurrent acute renal failure due to nonaccidental poisoning with glafenin in a child.A 7-year-old boy experienced recurrent attacks of acute renal failure over an 18 month period. Each attack was accompanied by a fluorescent yellow discoloration of his urine. Laboratory data and the kidney biopsy were consistent with acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis. Repeated contacts with the boy in a play setting and thorough toxicologic examination of his urine finally led to the conclusion that the mother systematically poisoned her child with glafenin. The clinical and experimental literature on glafenin-related disease is reviewed. This is the first report of glafenin intoxication in a child. This is also the first case of kidney disease as an expression of child abuse.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = intoxication (Clic here for more details about this article) |
17/23. Salt wastage, plasma volume contraction and hypokalemic paralysis in self-induced water intoxication.Eleven episodes of severe hyponatremia secondary to hiccup-induced potomania were recorded in 3 years in a man who had essential hypertension, a low protein intake and a normal diluting ability. Paradoxical increase in hematocrit and plasma protein with acute extensive natriuresis was associated as well as urine potassium loss and hypokalemia producing paralysis in 1 episode. During a chronic water loading test, the defect in water excretion was related to a low urine solute delivery which was partially reverted by the natriuretic response to plasma volume expansion, promoting water diuresis. In acute water intoxication, this natriuretic response was exaggerated, producing a brisk water diuresis. plasma volume was rapidly normalized but without any improvement in plasma sodium due to the concomitant negative sodium balance. Thus, water diuresis persisted until plasma volume was significantly contracted. potassium loss appeared to be related to sodium excretion. Metabolic disturbances have not reoccurred despite persistent hiccup and potomania during 2 years of urea therapy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = intoxication (Clic here for more details about this article) |
18/23. photophobia and lithium.CLINICAL PICTURE: We report the case of a 45 year old woman who developed photophobia after 6 months on lithium at non-toxic levels. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: lithium was reintroduced twice and on both occasions this side-effect reoccurred within days. CONCLUSIONS: photophobia has only been described previously as a symptom of lithium intoxication.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = intoxication (Clic here for more details about this article) |
19/23. Methyl iodide poisoning: report of two cases.Two workers were poisoned following exposure to methyl iodide with inadequate protective devices. Their cases are presented together with a review of literature. Both patients developed symptoms and signs of cerebellar lesions and damage of the third, fourth, or sixth cranial nerve pathways. spinal cord lesions producing motor and sensory disturbances were present in one. Late psychiatric disorders were observed in both patients. Although these symptoms were very similar to those reported in the nine published cases of methyl iodide poisoning, the toxicological diagnosis was delayed in one case: as repeated overexposure produced recurrent attacks of multifocal neurological dysfunction, multiple sclerosis was initially diagnosed, although several of the features observed are unusual in this disease. The manifestations of methyl iodide poisoning are similar to those of intoxication with other monohalomethanes. All these compounds probably share the same mechanisms of action. This mechanism and its therapeutic consequences are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = intoxication (Clic here for more details about this article) |
20/23. Acute dapsone intoxication: a pediatric case report.INTRODUCTION: There are many case reports of dapsone overdose in adults but only a few reports of dapsone-induced methemoglobinemia in children. We report a case of a three-year-old boy who developed prolonged recurrent methemoglobinemia following an ingestion of dapsone. methods: Case report. ethics: Not applicable. statistics: Not applicable. RESULTS: This child developed significant symptoms of methemoglobinemia approximately two hours after ingesting dapsone 37.5 mg/kg. The initial methemoglobin level measured 2.5 hours after ingestion was 44%. The patient was treated with multiple doses of activated charcoal and methylene blue. Three doses of methylene blue reduced the methemoglobin level to 6% by approximately 16 hours after the overdose but the level rebounded to nearly 15% at 64 hours postingestion. DISCUSSION: dapsone is a drug that is being used for a wide variety of clinical conditions. The primary clinical manifestation of dapsone overdose is methemoglobinemia. An important aspect of dapsone poisoning is its ability to produce methemoglobinemia, which is long lasting and which may recur following methylene blue therapy. Because of this, dapsone-poisoned children need to be monitored for two to three days.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4keywords = intoxication (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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