1/17. Oral contraceptives: therapeutic uses and quality-of-life benefits--case presentations.Numerous studies have shown that oral contraceptives (OC) provide protection against a wide variety of illnesses and conditions, including loss of bone density, ovarian cysts, menstrual cycle irregularities, dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia, ectopic pregnancy, pelvic inflammatory disease, benign breast disease, endometrial cancer, and ovarian cancer. How OC can be used not only for contraception but also to improve health among women throughout their reproductive years is illustrated by four case presentations: an adolescent with menstrual problems; a 25-year-old mulligravida who wishes to delay childbearing; a 35-year-old who has completed her family and requests tubal ligation; and a 45-year-old with perimenopausal symptoms. In view of their numerous health benefits, OC are to reproductive-age women as hormone replacement therapy is to menopausal women.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = menstrual cycle, cycle (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/17. Ovarian hyperstimulation caused by gonadotroph adenoma secreting follicle-stimulating hormone in 28-year-old woman.Ovarian hyperstimulation caused by a gonadotroph adenoma in premenopausal women has been described only twice before this report. A 28-yr-old woman presented with menstrual disturbances and pelvic pains that began after stopping the use of contraceptive pills. Transvaginal ultrasound revealed enlarged ovaries with multiple cysts. The patient had elevated serum estradiol (up to 2900 pmol/L; normal, 80-300 pmol/L in the follicular phase) and inhibin (6.4 kU/L; normal, 0.5-2.5 kU/L) levels. serum LH was appropriately suppressed (0.6 IU/L), but serum FSH varied from 4.9-8.1 IU/L. Both gonadotropins as well as the free alpha-subunit showed a paradoxical response to the stimulus by TRH. A nuclear magnetic resonance study unraveled a pituitary tumor, 12-14 mm in diameter, extending up to the suprasellar cistern. After pituitary surgery, all hormone values normalized, and the patient resumed regular ovulatory cycles. In immunostaining, 20-30% of the cells of the tumor stained positively for FSHbeta. We conclude that a gonadotropin-producing adenoma must be considered in the differential diagnosis of a patient presenting with large multicystic ovaries and high estradiol levels in the absence of exogenous gonadotropins.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.024165205853379keywords = cycle (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/17. Mechanism for the development of ovarian cysts in patients with congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia.OBJECTIVE: Although ovarian cysts commonly occur in patients with congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia (CLAH), the mechanism of development remains to be determined. To clarify the pathogenesis of the ovarian cysts, endocrinological examinations were performed in patients with CLAH. methods: The subjects were three Japanese CLAH patients. Basal body temperature, serum and urinary gonadotropin levels, serum and/or urinary ovarian hormones and mutations of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) gene were examined. RESULTS: The basal body temperature was not biphasic in any patient. Basal LH levels were high in all CLAH patients and markedly responded to LH-releasing hormone in two patients. Urinary gonadotropin analysis revealed repetitive LH surges in the menstrual cycles of the CLAH patients. No increase in the urinary pregnanediol suggested anovulation in all patients, and bilateral ovarian cysts were found in two of the subjects. Examination of the StAR gene revealed a frameshift mutation 840delA at codon 238, a nonsense mutation Q258X at codon 258, a homozygotic mutation at Q258X, and a compound heterozygotic mutation with 251insG and Q258X. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the development of ovarian cysts may be derived from continued anovulation in CLAH patients. Elevated LH levels may be explained by increased sensitivity of the anterior pituitary to circulating estrogen.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = menstrual cycle, cycle (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/17. Torsion of the fallopian tube in an adolescent female: a case report.BACKGROUND: Torsion of the fallopian tube is an infrequent but significant cause of acute lower abdominal pain in adolescent females that is difficult to recognize preoperatively, although prompt diagnosis and timely surgical treatment are vital to salvage the oviduct. CASE REPORT: A 17-yr-old virgin presented with sudden and severe right-sided lower abdominal pain with guarding and tenderness, fever, nausea, and vomiting at mid-cycle. Ultrasound scan showed a right ovarian cyst measuring 3 cm in diameter and a normal appendix. There was no leucocytosis. Presumptive diagnosis was a cystic ovarian follicle with ovulatory pain. Her condition improved but did not resolve with supportive treatment. At laparotomy, the right fallopian tube was twisted completely, distended with blood, and necrotic, with a small fimbrial cyst. The left tube, ovaries, appendix, and uterus were normal. Right salpingectomy was performed. Histologic examination revealed diffuse hemorrhagic infarction of the tube and a cyst of the hydatid of Morgagni. She remains well at follow-up. CONCLUSION: Unless a high index of suspicion is maintained for torsion of the fallopian tube in adolescent females, this disorder may not be detected until after tubal destruction.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.024165205853379keywords = cycle (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/17. Two episodes of hemoperitoneum from luteal cysts rupture in a patient with congenital factor x deficiency.The clinical manifestation of two episodes of hemoperitoneum from ruptured corpus luteum cysts, during the luteal phase of the cycle in a young patient with the rare congenital factor x deficiency, is reported for the first time in literature. The correct diagnosis of the underlying disorder, the gynecological management and the regular follow-up can minimize the risks of this potentially life-threatening hematological disorder.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.024165205853379keywords = cycle (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/17. exercise-induced ovarian torsion in the cycle following gonadotrophin therapy: case report.The incidence of ovarian torsion has been reported to be increased during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. In this report we describe exercise-induced ovarian torsion in an ovary with a persistent cyst, following a failed gonadotrophin-stimulated intra-uterine insemination cycle. This report suggests that the risk of ovarian torsion persists beyond the treatment cycle and that patients should be instructed to refrain from exercise or strenuous activity if regression to normal ovarian size has not been documented. Ovarian torsion should be high in the differential diagnosis in patients experiencing abdominal pain with a history of recent gonadotrophin stimulation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.14499123512028keywords = cycle (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/17. uterus didelphys with fibroid uterus and ovarian cyst--rare Muellerian malformation.Persistent Muellerian duct syndrome is a very rare anomaly. A woman of 46-year-old was admitted with the history of lower abdominal pain, bleeding per vaginum and irregular menstrual cycles for last 6 months. An irregular non-tender mass of 16 x 10cm in size was palpable in suprapubic region. Per vaginal examination revealed two cervices and an incomplete vaginal septum. Ultrasound abdomen showed one uterus with endometrial cavity clearly delineated with a fibroid and an ovarian cyst in the left lumbar region. On laparotomy, 2 uterii along with a fibroid from the anterior wall of left uterus and a left ovarian cyst was seen. Patient had undergone total abdominal hysterectomy and adnexa removal. The specimen showed florid adenomyosis with leiomyoma of fibroid.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = menstrual cycle, cycle (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/17. Shrinkage of recurrent endometrioma, after danazol.A 29-year-old woman presented with a history of primary infertility one year after excision of endometrioma of the left ovary. On the first pelvic examination at the infertility Clinic, the uterus was of normal size, retroversion and rather fixed with 0.5 cm firm nodule at its posterior surface. There was a tense cystic mass about 4-5 cm at the right adnexa. Three months later this mass was noted to have increased in size and the ultrasound revealed a slight, thick wall cystic mass with the largest diameter of 7 cm. The impression was endometriotic cyst of the right ovary. The patient was put on danazol 200 mg daily. After 6 months of treatment, the right ovarian mass was found to be 3.3 cm in the largest diameter by ultrasound. So the medication was discontinued. The patient conceived on the third cycle after discontinuing danazol. A healthy male infant, birth weight 3,320 g was delivered by elective cesarean section at term.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.024165205853379keywords = cycle (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/17. Severe ovarian hyperstimulation in a spontaneous singleton pregnancy.ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in a spontaneous ovulatory cycle is exceedingly rare. We report a case of severe ovarian hyperstimulation associated with a spontaneous, otherwise normal singleton pregnancy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.024165205853379keywords = cycle (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/17. Ovarian cyst aspiration prior to initiating ovarian hyperstimulation for in vitro fertilization.Twenty-three consecutive patients presenting for in vitro fertilization were evaluated with transvaginal sonography on cycle day 3, prior to initiating ovarian hyperstimulation. Three of these patients were noted to have large ovarian cysts. All three underwent transvaginal aspiration of the cysts, followed immediately by initiation of ovarian hyperstimulation. Following oocyte retrieval, in vitro fertilization, and embryo transfer, all three women achieved pregnancy. We conclude that cyst aspiration is not contraindicated when an ovarian cyst is encountered in the follicular phase of an in vitro fertilization cycle.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.048330411706759keywords = cycle (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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