1/10. Ovarian cancer in female-to-male transsexuals: report of two cases.BACKGROUND: Ovarium cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer-related death in women and is the most common fatal gynecologic malignancy. So far, ovarium carcinoma has not been reported to have occurred in female-to-male transsexuals. OBJECTIVE AND METHOD: We report on two such cases. Long-term exposure to increased levels of endogenous and exogenous androgens is hypothesized to constitute an additional risk factor in transsexuals as it has been associated with ovarian epithelian cancer. CONCLUSION: Simultaneous salpingo-oophorectomy should be performed in any female-to-male transsexual undergoing hysterectomy in the course of gender-confirming therapy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = size (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/10. Alveolar soft-part sarcoma: a hormone-sensitive tumour?Alveolar soft-part sarcoma is a rare, slow-growing, malignant tumour which metastasizes frequently to the lungs. Treatment with radiotherapy or chemotherapy is largely ineffective, and most patients die within 4 years of developing metastases. We report an unusual patient who survived 9 years after detection of pulmonary metastases. Initial treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy was ineffective. However, during subsequent treatment with Chinese herbs when she developed galactorrhoea and amenorrhoea (probably due to drug-induced hyperprolactinaemia), her lung metastases regressed, and it is likely that this contributed to her prolonged survival. We hypothesize that alveolar soft-part sarcoma may be a hormone-sensitive tumour, and hormonal manipulation may be an alternative form of treatment which is worth considering.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = size (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/10. Ovarian Sertoli cell tumors: a report of 10 cases.Ten Sertoli cell tumors of the ovary, which occurred in patients from 2 to 62 years of age (average 38 years), are reported. Two prepubertal patients presented because of isosexual precocity, and there was evidence of estrogenic stimulation of the endometrium in two postmenopausal women. The tumors were all Stage Ia and ranged from 0.8 to 17 cm in diameter. On microscopic examination five of them contained tubules that were predominantly hollow, and five, tubules that were predominantly solid. Two of the neoplasms in the latter group were of the lipid-rich type. Seven tumors were well differentiated, two were of intermediate differentiation, and one was poorly differentiated. The last tumor, which metastasized widely and was rapidly fatal, was the only clinically malignant tumor in the series.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = size (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/10. P53 protein in 204 patients with primary breast carcinoma--immunohistochemical detection and clinical value as a prognostic factor.In a retrospective study, 204 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded biopsies of primary breast carcinomas were tested immunohistochemically for the expression of p53 protein (PAb 1801). 38% of the carcinomas were positive with respect to p53. The expression of p53 correlated significantly with the loss of tumor differentiation (P = 0.013), but not with menopausal status, patients' age, tumor size, axillary lymph node involvement or hormone receptor status. The influence of p53 expression on prognosis was evaluated in 197 patients (T1-4 N0-2 M0, median observation time 72 months). Detection of p53 protein was associated with a significantly longer disease-free survival in node-positive women (P = 0.03). However, p53 protein did not prove to be a prognostic factor in node-negative patients. The results demonstrate the prognostic value of p53 expression in breast cancer which appears to be limited to patients with node-positive tumors.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = size (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/10. Hormone-dependent, aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva.BACKGROUND: Aggressive angiomyxoma is a rare neoplasm of undetermined etiology that occurs mainly in the female vulva and perineum. It tends to recur but does not metastasize. This case report describes findings suggestive of the possible hormone dependency of this neoplasm. CASE: A 41-year-old gravid woman developed an aggressive angiomyxoma of the left vulva with growth apparently related to the length of the pregnancy. The neoplasm marked strongly for progesterone receptors by immunohistochemical methods but was estrogen-receptor negative. CONCLUSION: The growth of the neoplasm during pregnancy and the nuclear-positive staining for progesterone receptors suggest a possible hormone (progesterone) dependency for at least some cases of aggressive angiomyxoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = size (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/10. Effects of intermittent androgen suppression on androgen-dependent tumors. apoptosis and serum prostate-specific antigen.BACKGROUND. Since postcastration progression of tumors to an androgen-independent state appears to be linked to the cessation of androgen-induced differentiation of tumorigenic stem cells, the authors hypothesized that the replacement of androgens at the end of a period of apoptotic regression might result in the regeneration of differentiated tumor cells with further apoptotic potential. methods AND RESULTS. To determine the effect of intermittent exposure of androgens on the androgen-dependent Shionogi carcinoma, the tumor was transplanted into a succession of male mice, each of which was castrated when the estimated tumor weight became about 3 g. After the tumor had regressed to 30% of the original weight, it was transplanted into the next noncastrated male. This cycle of transplantation and castration-induced apoptosis was repeated successfully four times before growth became androgen-independent during the fifth cycle. In four of Stage C and three of Stage D patients with prostate cancer, androgen withdrawal was initiated with cyproterone acetate (100 mg/d) and diethylstilbestrol (0.1 mg/d) and then maintained with cyproterone acetate in combination with the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist, goserelin acetate (3.6 mg/month). After 6 or more months of suppression of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) into the normal range, treatment was interrupted for 2 to 11 months. After recovery of testicular function, androgen-withdrawal therapy was resumed when serum PSA increased to a level of about 20 micrograms/l. This cycle was repeated sequentially to a total of two to four times over treatment periods of 21 to 47 months with no loss of androgen dependence. CONCLUSIONS. These results demonstrate that intermittent androgen suppression can be used to induce multiple apoptotic regressions of a tumor; they also suggest that the cyclic effects of such treatment on prostate cancer can be followed by the sequential measurement of serum PSA levels.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = size (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/10. Uterine leiomyosarcomas coexistent with cellular and atypical leiomyomata in a young woman during the treatment with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist.We report a case of a 28-year-old woman who had received 2 months of intranasal buserelin (a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist; LH-RH agonist) therapy for presumed uterine leiomyomata. In addition to no reduction of the tumor size evaluated by sonography, heavy vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain recurred and worsened during the therapy. Pathological examination of the myomectomy and hysterectomy specimens revealed leiomyosarcomas coexistent with cellular, atypical, and classical leiomyomata. We suggest that this is a case of leiomyosarcomas arising in preexisting leiomyomata rather than de novo from the smooth muscle fibers of the myometrium. Furthermore, the potential of LH-RH, agonist therapy to delay the surgical treatment of an unsuspected leiomyosarcoma is high-lighted. Close monitoring of the treatment response by improvement of clinical symptoms and sonographic assessment of tumor size may be helpful in early diagnosis of an underlying malignant tumor.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = size (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/10. Reduction in the size of a uterine leiomyoma following discontinuation of an estrogen-progestin contraceptive.The effects of estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives on the volume of uterine leiomyomata is not well characterized. In this case report, a 45-year-old woman with a symptomatic uterine leiomyoma was observed to have a 47% reduction in myoma volume after discontinuation of an oral contraceptive. The volume of uterine leiomyomata may be influenced by oral contraceptives.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4keywords = size (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/10. Are pancreatic tumors hormone dependent?: A case report of unusual, rapidly growing pancreatic tumor during pregnancy, its possible relationship to female sex hormones, and review of the literature.The occurrence of a pancreatic tumor in a young patient is rare. However, when one identifies a pancreatic mass during pregnancy and particularly when the lesion is located in the tail of the pancreas, "unusual tumors" of the pancreas should be considered. The management of these tumors during pregnancy presents unusual challenges because of rapid tumor growth probably related to elevated levels of sex hormones. An immunohistochemical study was done to evaluate for hormone receptors of the tissue removed from the tumor. We present a case of a 37-year-old female patient in her 4th week of pregnancy who was found to have a pancreatic mass; she was followed with ultrasonography. At the 23rd week of gestation, the tumor increased in size to more than 12 cm and required resection. Immunohistochemical studies were done to evaluate receptors for progesterone, estrogen, PS2-estrogen-related protein, pancreatic polypeptide antigen, flow cytometry, dna ploidy, and proliferative activity in tumor cells. pathology showed a low-grade multiloculated mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas. There was a positivity for progesterone receptor and PS2-estrogen-related protein but not for estrogen receptor in the tumor. We conclude that a pancreatic mass detected during pregnancy requires a different consideration for its management. Early tissue diagnosis with CT or ultrasound-guided biopsy is essential. Even those lesions diagnosed as benign would require early intervention because of their rapid growth, probably influenced by female sex hormones.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = size (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/10. Aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva: expression of estroprogestinic receptors and follow-up.PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION: To analyze aggressive angiomyxoma hormone-dependency. METHOD: Estroprogestinic receptor expression was studied by immunohistochemistry in 5 patients with aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva. RESULTS: The immunohistochemical results confirm the positivity of angiomyxoma for estrogen and progesterone receptors. CONCLUSIONS: We hypothesized that the concomitant factor favoring neoplastic growth is a different genetic substrate specific in the female sex. Analysis of the data regarding the distribution of angiomyxomas in different age groups has strengthened this hypothesis suggesting that this tumor is correlated with complete maturity, in all probability hormonal. However it cannot be excluded that the tumor begins to develop at an early age, but since it has a slow growth rate, the phenomenon is delayed and is related to hormonal stimulation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = size (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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