1/122. Ectopic breast tissue and breast-like sweat gland metaplasias: an overlapping spectrum of lesions.There are many similarities in the morphology of benign and malignant lesions of the sweat glands and the breasts. The recently described cutaneous mammary-like sweat glands, also known as mixed sweat glands or apoeccrine glands, are also a likely source of selected proliferations that closely mimic those of the breast. We present three cases of breast-like lesions arising in the skin that demonstrate the ways in which the morphologic and pathologic continuum of the mammary glands, cutaneous mammary-like glands, and sweat glands can produce difficulties in precise diagnosis. The examples demonstrate that an anatomic location outside the milk line does not preclude the diagnosis of ectopic mammary tissue, and that lesions closely resembling those of the breast may also arise outside the milk line from conventional sweat glands or mixed sweat glands. The concept of homologous lesions of the breast, breast-like glands and sweat glands, in which morphology is partially mirrored by biochemical similarities, provides a perspective for classification of problematic cases of breast-like cutaneous lesions.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/122. Heterotopic sebaceous glands in the esophagus: histopathological and immunohistochemical study of a resected esophagus.A resected esophagus with numerous heterotopic sebaceous glands was examined in an attempt to determine whether esophageal heterotopic sebaceous glands are the result of a metaplastic process or a congenital anomaly. The present case concerns a 79-year-old Japanese man with numerous esophageal heterotopic sebaceous glands accompanied by superficial esophageal cancer. The resected esophagus possessed numerous heterotopic sebaceous glands, which could be seen clearly as slightly elevated, yellowish lesions. Histological examination of these glands, all of which were located in the lamina propria, revealed lobules of cells that showed characteristic sebaceous differentiation. Bulbous nests of proliferating basal cells showing sebaceous differentiation were occasionally observed in the esophageal epithelium. Of the antibodies against six different keratins used, only anti-keratin 14 labeled both the heterotopic sebaceous glands and the bulbous nests. Acquired metaplastic change of the esophageal epithelium is probably the pathogenetic mechanism involved in these unusual lesions.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.66666666666667keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/122. Necrotizing sialometaplasia.Two cases of necrotizing sialometaplasia are reported together with a review of the literature. This self-limiting benign lesion is easily confused with malignant tumors. The lesions are characterized histologically by an extensive necrosis of the salivary gland tissue together with squamous metaplasia of the ducts. The present report of two females who had intense pain in the initial phase differs from previous reports concerning age and symptoms. The importance of rather extensive biopsy specimens is stressed. Antibiotic treatment appears to be insignificant. A clinical history of allergy and a dominance of eosinophilic granulocytes in the inflammatory exudate in both cases may indicate an allergic etiology.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.066666666666667keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/122. Melanin pigmented oncocytic metaplasia of the nasopharynx.A 64-year-old man presented with a history of discomfort of the throat of a few weeks' duration. Nasoscopic examination revealed multiple small, brown pigmentations at the left suprapharynx, the base of the left nasal cavity and the pharyngeal openings of the auditory tube on both sides. Microscopically, the lesion showed a glandular pattern of oncocytic epithelium with abundant pigmented granules and melanophages in the surrounding stroma. Immunohistochemically, the dendritic cells in the basal layer were positive for S-100 protein. Electron microscopic study revealed numerous fully melanized melanosomes and hypertrophied mitochondria in the oncocytic cells. Oncocytic cells do not produce melanin for themselves, melanin granules apparently being transferred from the adjacent dendritic cells to the oncocytic cells.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.066666666666667keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/122. Benign lymphoepithelial lesion of the parotid gland with sebaceous differentiation.The salivary duct system in the setting of chronic sialadenitis is predisposed to undergo a variety of cellular modifications. This report documents a rare type of metaplasia of a parotid benign lymphoepithelial lesion. Epimyoepithelial islands showing focal sebaceous differentiation and pure sebaceous cell nests in addition to their usual histologic appearance were noted throughout the lesion. The possible pathogenesis is discussed through a review of the literature.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.26666666666667keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/122. Cytopathological observations in a 27-year-old female patient with endometrioid adenocarcinoma arising in the lower uterine segment of the uterus.The determination of the malignancy of an endometrioid adenocarcinoma arising in the lower uterine segment (LUS) is difficult because of the high degree of differentiation of adenocarcinoma. The cytopathological and immunohistochemical features of endometrioid adenocarcinoma arising in the LUS of a young adult female are presented. The preoperative cytopathological examination of a 27-yr-old female could not enable an accurate diagnosis of malignancy. hysterectomy specimens revealed the presence of an endometrioid-type adenocarcinoma with minimal atypia and myometrial invasion, which was located in the LUS. This tumor was consistent with a histological diagnosis of endometrioid minimal-deviation adenocarcinoma (MDA). Immunohistochemically, the tumor's glands were p53-, proliferating cell nuclear antigen-, and carcinoembryonic antigen-positive, and estrogen receptor-, progesterone receptor-,and vimentin-negative. The cytological and surgical specimens showed a remarkable association of squamous metaplasia. Although cytopathological difficulties in determining malignancy of MDA endometrioid adenocarcinoma arising in the LUS are well-known, the following features worth noting include: 1) squamous metaplasia on cytological and histological slides; 2) epithelial cells incorporating polymorphic nuclear neutrophils on cytological slides; and 3) positive immunohistochemistry of p53 protein. Diagn. Cytopathol. 1999;21:117-121.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.066666666666667keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/122. Tubulovillous adenoma of the urinary bladder.We report a case of vesical tubulovillous adenoma that occurred in a background of protracted chronic cystitis with intestinal-type glandular metaplasia and extensive cellular atypia (dysplasia) in the flat mucosa. flow cytometry analysis showed dna aneuploidy in the adenoma. Increased expression of the tumor suppresser gene, p53, and also of cellular proliferation markers (proliferating cell nuclear antigen and MIB-1) were detected in the villous adenoma and in the dysplastic regions of the flat metaplastic mucosa. These findings provide insight into the biology of intestinal metaplasia and also lend support to the theory of the chronic irritation-metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.066666666666667keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/122. Collagenous spherulosis mimicking keratinizing squamous metaplasia in a borderline endometrioid tumour of the ovary.AIMS: Collagenous spherulosis (CS) is a rare lesion which is an incidental finding in breast and salivary glands. It is characterized by fibrillar spherules exhibiting an intrinsic radiating or concentric pattern which are surrounded by myoepithelial cells. This entity can be misdiagnosed as adenoid cystic carcinoma and in-situ ductal carcinoma. methods AND RESULTS: We report here the first case of CS arising in a borderline endometrioid tumour of the ovary where it merged with squamous metaplasia. CONCLUSION: This observation illustrates another pitfall of CS which can be misidentified as keratin pearls. The pathogenesis remains unclear but it has been claimed that the accumulation of basement membrane material may be due to the proliferation of pre-existing myoepithelial cells that secrete matrix components. Since ovarian tumours do not contain myoepithelial cells, one should assume that the epithelial cells differentiate towards myoepithelial cells as it has been shown in vitro and ex vivo.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.066666666666667keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/122. Rectal adenocarcinoid with lymph node metastasis.We describe a case of a rare variant of a rectal carcinoid tumor that showed mucous gland differentiation accompanied by a lymph node metastasis with a histological appearance similar to that of the primary site. The tumor consisted of a typical argyrophilic carcinoid component and of goblet cell glands. The carcinoid component was positive for neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin a and synaptophysin. The goblet cells stained positively with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue, and expressed carcinoembryonic antigen, but were negative for neuroendocrine markers. This case suggests that carcinoid tumor can differentiate towards mucus glands, which can also be found in the metastatic site.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/122. Florid endocervical glandular hyperplasia with intestinal and pyloric gland metaplasia: worrisome benign mimic of "adenoma malignum".We describe three cases of florid endocervical glandular hyperplasia with intestinal and pyloric gland metaplasia, which can be a benign mimic of adenoma malignum. In two cases, adenoma malignum was seriously considered preoperatively because of watery vaginal discharge and the results of imaging studies. The three cases shared common histopathological features, i.e., (i) proliferating endocervical glands surrounded by clusters of smaller glands, resembling the pyloric glands of the stomach; (ii) occasional intestinal metaplasia; (iii) bland nuclear features; and (iv) predominantly PAS-positive neutral mucin in the glandular epithelium. In two cases, glands were densely and irregularly arranged in some areas. immunohistochemistry disclosed that the intracytoplasmic mucin of the metaplastic epithelium was positive for M-GGMC-1 (HIK1083), which reacts with mucin of pyloric glands. Monoclonal CEA was negative in all cases. This pseudoneoplastic benign condition should be recognized by both gynecologists and pathologists, although it might be difficult to establish a definite diagnosis preoperatively even with deep cone biopsy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.0666666666667keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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