1/7. Functional MR imaging of submandibular herniation of sublingual tissues through a gap of the mylohyoid muscle in two cases of submandibular "masses".Except for neoplasms, in symptomatic patients with submandibular swellings, gaps of the mylohyoid muscle may be the cause of herniations of sublingual tissues, such as fat and/or the sublingual gland. In two patients with a submandibular swelling, MRI with standard sequences including contrast enhancement was performed to exclude a neoplastic lesion. In addition, we performed a trueFISP sequence during modified Valsalva's maneuver. In both patients, a neoplasm was excluded. Instead, the trueFISP sequence during the modified Valsalva's maneuver showed submandibular herniation of sublingual tissues. If MRI of the floor of the mouth does not show a neoplasm, an additional functional MR investigation should be performed. Gaps of the mylohyoid muscle can be the cause of herniating sublingual tissues (similar to plunging ranulas). During the modified Valsalva's maneuver, sublingual fat and/or gland can herniate and cause a symptomatic submandibular swelling. A coronal trueFISP sequence is particularly suited to demonstrate this.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/7. Mylohyoid herniation of the sublingual gland diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging.Mylohyoid herniation of the sublingual gland has been a frequent finding at dissection of adult human cadavers and at retrospective studies of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the floor of the mouth. Even so, very few clinical reports exist. The present report describes an adolescent boy with a suspected submental tumour, which at MRI was shown to be caused by a mylohyoid hernia of part of an enlarged, but otherwise normal sublingual gland.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/7. Extrapelvic endometriosis presenting as a hernia: clinical reports and review of the literature.endometriosis is a common gynecologic diagnosis. Typical complaints of patients with pelvic endometriosis include dysmenorrhea, menstrual irregularities, dyspareunia, and infertility. endometriosis may also occur in extrapelvic sites and cause unusual symptoms and diagnostic dilemmas. endometriosis has been described in the inguinal region, and this is illustrated in the first case history. The tender inguinal masses often fluctuate with the menstrual cycle but the condition initially may be confused with an inguinal hernia. Treatment is surgical. abdominal wall scar endometriosis, seen in the second case, has been described in patients after a wide variety of gynecologic procedures. This also is initially noted as a tender mass, usually fluctuating with menstruation, and is often confused with an incisional hernia. Again, surgery is the treatment of choice. Pathologic features of endometriosis are constant, regardless of location. Microscopically, endometrial glands and stroma, fibrosis, chronic inflammation, and old hemorrhage are seen. Familiarity with the unusual types of endometriosis is important to the general surgeon.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/7. Herniation of the lacrimal glands.Herniation of the lacrimal gland is an unusual condition which has a predilection for blacks and is associated with blepharochalasis. It is benign and tends to become progressive. Either or both lobes of the lacrimal gland can herniate and must be differentiated from dermolipoma and orbital fat. A surgical treatment is described, and three cases are presented.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/7. Hedrocele: report of a case and review of the literature.Hedrocele represents an unusual variant of the rare posterior perineal hernia and results from a defect in the rectogenital septum. In the male, because of the prostate gland and the resistance of the perineal body, a hernia through this defect is directed posteriorly through the anterior wall of the rectum. diagnosis is based upon an awareness of the entity combined with the finding of an anterior intraluminal rectal mass. Correction requires celiotomy and closure of the anatomic defect.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/7. Herniation of the third ventricle into empty sella caused by surgery for pituitary apoplexy--case report.A 46-year-old male presented with acute visual loss in the right eye, high fever, nausea, and vomiting. This was caused by herniation of the third ventricle into empty sella at 15 months of surgery for pituitary apoplexy. The sellar-suprasellar tumor was totally removed via a transcranial approach. Histological examination showed chromophobe adenoma with necrotic tissue, indicating pituitary apoplexy. His visual field defect worsened 15 months after the operation, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed moderate hydrocephalus and protrusion of the dilated anterior inferior portion of the third ventricle into the sella. The optic nerve, optic chiasm, and pituitary gland were compressed onto the sellar floor. ventriculoperitoneal shunt relieved the visual impairment. A decompressive procedure such as ventriculoperitoneal shunts is a reasonable treatment for such a marked herniation of the third ventricle.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/7. Transconjunctival herniation of orbital fat.The authors present 3 patients with subconjunctival fat prolapse treated at their oculoplastic unit. Albeit rare, orbital fat is a well-recognized entity, and is described in the literature as being associated with trauma and surgery. The 3 patients reported herein, however, presented with no history of trauma or surgery. This condition is produced by herniation of the intraconal fat between the conjunctiva and the sclera, presumably due to dehiscence of the Tenon's capsule. Differential diagnosis should be made with lacrimal gland ptosis, lacrimal gland tumors, and lymphoid tumors.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |