11/22. Crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever: case series from a medical center in Golestan province, Northeast of iran (2004).Crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a widely distributed lethal disease, worldwide. humans are usually infected with CCHF virus through a tick bite or close contact with viral contaminated tissues or with blood of domestic animals or of infected patients. The present study reports six cases of CCHF, who were in contact with both infected tissues and blood from sheep. In some regions like Golestan province (North of iran), clinician suspicion may have an important role in early diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Conservative therapy (intensive monitoring) and prescription of antiviral medication (ribavirin) accompanied with corticosteroids, was useful at the early stage of CCHF.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = fever (Clic here for more details about this article) |
12/22. Crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever in Kosova : a fatal case report.Crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an often fatal viral infection described in about 30 countries around the world. The authors report a fatal case of Crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) observed in a patient from Kosova. The diagnosis of CCHF was confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR. Late diagnosis decreased the efficacy of treatment and patient died due to severe complications of infection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 54987737.118069keywords = haemorrhagic fever, fever (Clic here for more details about this article) |
13/22. A nosocomial outbreak of Crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever at Tygerberg Hospital. Part III. Clinical pathology and pathogenesis.Crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) was diagnosed in 8 patients; 7 were staff members at Tygerberg Hospital who had been infected by a patient in whom the disease had not initially been diagnosed. Two patients, the initial case and a staff member, died and 4 became seriously ill. The immunopathogenesis of CCHF appears to be multifactorial. Certain features were common to all patients--leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, elevated liver enzyme values and low serum total protein levels. Ultrastructural changes in and around skin capillaries, including intracytoplasmic endothelial tuboreticulated bodies, were found. Virus-like particles were found on electron microscopy. Important individual factors related to prognosis were identified. The patients who survived all mounted a good antibody response, and manifested no coagulation defect extensive enough to explain the haemorrhagic tendency. In the patients who died no evidence of antibody production was detected; both developed diffuse intravascular coagulation and in 1 evidence of immune complex formation and complement consumption was found. Hepatorenal failure and cardiovascular collapse characterized the terminal period. Early clinical recognition of CCHF with specific attention to factors amenable to treatment may vastly improve the prognosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 54987736.918069keywords = haemorrhagic fever, fever (Clic here for more details about this article) |
14/22. A common-source outbreak of Crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever on a dairy farm.An outbreak of Crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) on a dairy farm in the Orange Free State in 1984 is described. Forty-six cows were purchased from the western Cape Province in January 1984; 2 died from the tick-borne disease anaplasmosis in March and a labourer who helped butcher the carcasses became ill a few days later. Another cow died at the end of April and within 9 days 4 people who had come into contact with its blood became ill. antibodies to CCHF virus were found in the sera of the 5 patients but not in other residents of the farm. Three patients recovered from a severe influenza-like illness without seeking medical attention; 1 patient, who was admitted to hospital, recovered from illness marked by haematemesis, epistaxis and amnesia and the 5th patient died of complications of surgery for brain haemorrhage. Antibody studies indicated that many of the cows became infected with CCHF after their arrival on the farm. It can be deduced that animals reared in tick-free, or relatively tick-free, circumstances, which are then moved to where they are subject to heavy parasitization by ticks, can acquire common tick-borne diseases of livestock plus CCHF infection simultaneously. In such circumstances there is a definite risk of human exposure to CCHF-infected blood or other tissues.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 54987736.918069keywords = haemorrhagic fever, fever (Clic here for more details about this article) |
15/22. Investigations following initial recognition of Crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever in south africa and the diagnosis of 2 further cases.Sera from 124 cattle herds were tested, and antibodies to Crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) were found in 93 herds. The prevalence of antibodies was high in the interior of the country, in excess of 90% in some herds, but was less than 4% in cattle along the coast from Cape Town to East london. Only 17 out of 1109 (1,5%) human residents of 55 farms had antibodies to CCHF, while none of 164 veterinary research workers or 98 veterinarians engaged in farm animal practice had them. Specimens from 130 suspected cases of viral haemorrhagic fever were examined and CCHF was diagnosed only in the patient previously reported as the first case of the disease to be recognized in this country. A further 2 cases of CCHF were diagnosed by examining 318 specimens from patients with nonfatal febrile illness. Both patients had contact with livestock. Increasing awareness of the disease will probably lead to an increase in the number of cases diagnosed, but there are no grounds for concluding that the disease is on the increase.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 65985284.301683keywords = haemorrhagic fever, fever (Clic here for more details about this article) |
16/22. A nosocomial outbreak of Crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever at Tygerberg Hospital. Part I. Clinical features.Crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a rare disease in south africa. From 1981 to September 1984, 8 sporadic primary cases were reported. An outbreak of CCHF in a large university hospital is described; of 8 patients diagnosed 2 died (the index and a secondary case). Four patients were seriously ill and 2 had a mild illness. Problems were encountered in diagnosing the disease, which presents initially with influenza-like symptoms, differing only in severity from influenza. However, petechiae and other manifestations of a bleeding tendency distinguished it from influenza in the later phase of the disease. Special investigations, especially those revealing leucopenia and thrombocytopenia, were critically important in early diagnosis. The dilemma of handling this highly contagious disease is that definite virological diagnosis is time-consuming and is conducted in only one high-security laboratory 1600 km distant. A further case was admitted 3 months later from a different locality and confirmed virologically but no secondary cases could be confirmed or traced.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 54987736.918069keywords = haemorrhagic fever, fever (Clic here for more details about this article) |
17/22. congo/Crimean haemorrhagic fever in Dubai. An outbreak at the Rashid Hospital.A hospital outbreak of haemorrhagic fever took place in Dubai in November, 1979. The index case died in the casualty department shortly after admission. There were five secondary cases among hospital staff, two of whom died. When, 3 months after this outbreak, a patient with symptoms characteristic of haemorrhagic fever was admitted, immediate barrier nursing prevented further secondary cases.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 65985284.301683keywords = haemorrhagic fever, fever (Clic here for more details about this article) |
18/22. congo-Crimean haemorrhagic fever in south africa. Report of a fatal case in the Transvaal.A 13-year-old boy, after having spent a week at a camp in a nature reserve in the western Transvaal, developed an acute illness of sudden onset characterized by chills, severe headache, muscle pains and high fever. On the 3rd day he developed a haemorrhagic state with profuse bleeding from the gastro-intestinal tract and other mucous membranes and petechial haemorrhages into the skin, from which he died on the 6th day after onset of the illness. A tick, identified as a species of Hyalomma, was found attached to his scalp. The provisional clinical diagnosis of congo virus fever was confirmed in the laboratory by the isolation of the virus in newborn mice inoculated with the patient's blood. This is the first incrimination of congo virus as the cause of a fatal case of haemorrhagic fever in south africa, although it is known to occur in several countries in the tropical region of Africa and in south-eastern europe and asia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 54987737.318069keywords = haemorrhagic fever, fever (Clic here for more details about this article) |
19/22. Crimean congo-haemorrhagic fever treated with oral ribavirin.Crimean-congo Haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an often-lethal haemorrhagic fever caused by a tick-borne virus. There are no published data on ribavirin treatment of CCHF-infected patients, despite established in-vitro and in-vivo sensitivity. We report three health workers--two surgeons and a hospital worker--infected with CCHF virus in pakistan who were treated with oral ribavirin 4 g/day for four days, then 2.4 g/day for six days. Intravenous ribavirin was unavailable. All three patients were severely ill with low platelet and white-cell counts, raised aspartate transaminase and evidence of impaired haemostasis. Based on published reports, all had an estimated probability of death of 90% or more. The patients became afebrile, and their haematological and biochemical abnormalities returned to normal within 48 h of ribavirin treatment; all made a complete recovery, and developed IgG and IgM antibody to CCHF virus. Our experience with ribavirin treatment is encouraging, but does not constitute evidence of efficacy. Given the difficulties in gathering adequate treatment data, we propose a consensus protocol for both intravenous and oral treatment of CCHF. This protocol could be distributed to key medical personnel in areas endemic for CCHF and used to provide a firm basis for effective treatment recommendations.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 54987736.918069keywords = haemorrhagic fever, fever (Clic here for more details about this article) |
20/22. Investigation of tick-borne viruses as pathogens of humans in south africa and evidence of Dugbe virus infection in a patient with prolonged thrombocytopenia.In the course of investigating suspected cases of viral haemorrhagic fever in south africa patients were encountered who had been bitten by ticks, but who lacked evidence of infection with Crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus or non-viral tick-borne agents. cattle sera were tested by enzyme-linked immunoassay to determine whether tick-borne viruses other than CCHF occur in the country. The prevalence of antibody in cattle sera was 905/2116 (42.8%) for CCHF virus, 70/1358 (5.2%) for Dugbe, 21/1358 (1.5%) for louping ill, 6/450 (1.3%) for West Nile, 7/1358 (0.5%) for nairobi sheep disease, 3/625 (0.5%) for Kadam and 2/450 (0.4%) for Chenuda. No reactions were recorded with Hazara, Bahig, Bhanja, Thogoto and Dhori viruses. The CCHF findings confirmed previous observations that the virus is widely prevalent within the distribution range of ticks of the genus Hyalomma, while antibody activity to Dugbe antigen was detected only within the distribution range of the tick Amblyomma hebraeum. Cross-reactivity for the nairoviruses, Hazara, nairobi sheep disease and Dugbe, was detected in serum samples from 3/72 human patients with confirmed CCHF infection, and serum from 1/162 other patients reacted monospecifically with Dugbe antigen. The latter patient suffered from febrile illness with prolonged thrombocytopenia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 21995094.767228keywords = haemorrhagic fever, fever (Clic here for more details about this article) |
| <- Previous || Next -> |