1/3. hematometra after thermal balloon endometrial ablation in a patient with cervical incompetence.BACKGROUND: Thermal balloon endometrial ablation is a relatively safe nonsurgical treatment for menorrhagia. hematometra follows this procedure in <3 % of patients, but risk factors for this complication are unclear. CASE: A woman with a history of cervical incompetence during pregnancy later developed cervical occlusion and hematometra after thermal balloon endometrial ablation. Cervical occlusion did not recur after cervical dilatation and temporary placement of a catheter as a stent. CONCLUSION: The normal resistance of the internal cervical os may be an important factor in avoiding thermal damage to the cervix during thermal balloon endometrial ablation. This case suggests that a history of cervical incompetence may be a clinical indicator of decreased cervical resistance.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = pregnancy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/3. Heterotopic pregnancy in a natural conception cycle presenting as hematometra.BACKGROUND: Heterotopic pregnancy is a rare event in natural conception cycles. diagnosis of heterotopic pregnancy requires a high index of suspicion. Described herein is a reported case of a heterotopic pregnancy presenting as hematometra. CASE: A young, multiparous woman, with her last menstrual period 6 weeks before presentation, complained of a dark reddish-brown vaginal discharge and progressive left lower-quadrant discomfort during early pregnancy following a natural conception cycle. An intrauterine mass was observed, and subsequently a heterotopic pregnancy complicated by hematometra was diagnosed with the help of transvaginal ultrasonography and 3-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound angiography. CONCLUSION: women with intrauterine fluid accumulation during pregnancy may be at risk for coexistent ectopic pregnancy. High resolution transvaginal color Doppler sonography may be useful to identify a heterotopic pregnancy preoperatively.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 12keywords = pregnancy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/3. Combined abdominal-perineal sonography to assist in diagnosis of transverse vaginal septum.BACKGROUND: Transperineal sonography has been used to detect incompetent cervices, placenta previa, cervical pregnancy, and vaginal and cervical atresia. CASE: Transperineal sonography was used to investigate primary amenorrhea in a 14-year-old girl. A mid-transverse septum was found and confirmed surgically. CONCLUSION: Transperineal or translabial sonography assisted in the differentiation of primary amenorrhea, when adequate vaginal access was prohibited.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = pregnancy (Clic here for more details about this article) |